“…The New Zealand mud snail (NZMS), Potamopyrgus antipodarum is an incredibly successful invader ( Alonso & Castro-Díez, 2008 ) endemic to New Zealand with invasive populations on six continents, Australia ( Ponder, 1988 ), Europe ( Ponder, 1988 ), Asia ( Shamida & Urabe, 2003 ; Son, 2008 ), North America ( Bowler, 1991 ; Zaranko, Farara & Thompson, 1997 ), South America ( Collado, 2014 ), and Africa ( Taybi, Mabrouki & Gloer, 2021 ). The snail has been demonstrated to cause substantial ecological harm (see Geist et al, 2022 and Alonso et al, 2023 for reviews). NZMS are gilled snails ranging in adult length in New Zealand from 4 to 11.5 mm ( Winterbourn, 1970 ), but in their invaded range they typically reach a maximum length between 4 and 5 mm ( Proctor et al, 2007 ).…”