Effects of the intranasal application of gold nanoparticles on the pulmonary tissue after acute exposure to industrial cigarette smoke

Abstract

Inhalation of harmful particles appears as a primary factor for the onset and establishment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarette smoke acutely promotes an exacerbated inflammatory response with oxidative stress induction with DNA damage. Administration of Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) with 20 nm in different concentrations can revert damages caused by external aggravations. The effects of GNPs in a COPD process have not been observed until now. The objective of this work was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of intranasal administration of different doses of GNPs after acute exposure to industrial cigarette smoke. Thirty male Swiss mice were randomly divided into five groups: Sham; cigarette smoke (CS); CS + GNPs 2.5 mg/L; CS + GNPs 7.5 mg/L and CS + GNPs 22.5 mg/L. The animals were exposed to the commercial cigarette with filter in an acrylic inhalation chamber and treated with intranasal GNPs for five consecutive days. The results demonstrate that exposure to CS causes an increase in inflammatory cytokines, histological changes, oxidative and nitrosive damage in the lung, as well as increased damage to the DNA of liver cells, blood plasma and lung. Among the three doses of GNPs (2.5, 7.5, and 22.5 mg/L) used, the highest dose had better anti‐inflammatory effects. However, GNPs at a dose of 7.5 mg/L showed better efficacies in reducing ROS formation, alveolar diameter, and the number of inflammatory cells in histology, in addition to significantly reduced rate of DNA damage in lung cells without additional systemic genotoxicity already caused by cigarette smoke.

Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles modulates lipopolysaccharide‐induced lung inflammation in Wistar rats

“…Thus, the combination of these therapies is capable of potentiating antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects, protecting lung tissue. 19,43,56 5 | CONCLUSION Currently, the green synthesis of nanoparticles has been gaining prominence in the literature, and our work corroborates this by demonstrating that the GNPs-CUR group had significant effects almost all analyses. The results show that the use of reduced GNPs with curcumin has promising effects in controlling the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, helping to protect lung tissue.…”

“…The green synthesis has promising advantages as the biomolecules present in plants actively reduce metal ions, maximizing the effects of GNPs and Cur already elucidated individually in the literature. Thus, the combination of these therapies is capable of potentiating anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects, protecting lung tissue 19,43,56 …”

“…The intranasal administration of saline, GNPs (2.5 mg/L), curcumin (10 mg/kg) and GNPs-curcumin (2.5 mg/L) was performed with the aid of a micropipette in a volume of 14 μl (7 μl/nostril) at a 45 angle. The doses of GNPs were selected according to previous studies 7, [19][20][21][22][23] and curcumin. [24][25][26]…”