Effects of the interrelationship between zinc oxide and copper sulfate on growth performance of early-weaned pigs.

Abstract

We conducted four experiments to examine the effects of adding zinc oxide (ZnO) and(or) copper sulfate (CuSO4) to diets for weanling pigs. In Exp. 1 and 2, weanling pigs (initially 5.3 kg and 19 +/- 2 d of age) were fed diets containing 250 ppm of added Cu (CuSO4) and either 110 or 3,110 ppm of added. Zn (ZnO). No differences (P > .10) were observed in either experiment for ADG, ADFI, or feed efficiency (G:F). In Exp. 3,240 pigs (initially 4.45 kg and 15 +/- 2 d of age) were used to determine the interactive effects of added dietary ZnO and(or) CuSO4. Dietary treatments were in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement; Zn (165 or 3,000 ppm) and Cu (16.5 or 250 ppm) were the main effects. Pigs were fed a high nutrient dense diet from d 0 to 14 after weaning and a less complex diet from d 14 to 28 after weaning, both containing the same mineral fortifications. From d 0 to 14, pigs fed 3,000 ppm Zn, with or without 250 ppm Cu, had improved ADG (P < .01) compared with pigs fed the control (16.5 ppm Cu and 165 ppm Zn) or diets with only added Cu. From d 14 to 28, pigs fed the diet containing 3,000 ppm added Zn, without 250 ppm Cu, had greater ADG than pigs fed the other diets (Zn x Cu interaction, P < .01). In Exp. 4, 264 pigs (initially 4.17 kg and 12 +/- 3 d of age) were fed a high nutrient dense diet supplemented with 3,000 ppm of Zn (ZnO) from d 0 to 14 after weaning. On d 14, pigs were switched to the diets containing experimental mineral levels identical to those of Exp. 3. From d 14 to 28 after weaning, added Zn improved ADG but not when the diet contained 250 ppm Cu (Zn x Cu interaction, P < .05). Feeding 3,000 ppm of Zn from ZnO is a viable means of improving nursery pig performance, but additive responses to growth-promotant levels of CuSO4 (250 ppm Cu) were not observed.

Influence of tetrabasic zinc chloride and copper sulphate on growth performance and some physiological parameters in the digestive tract of weanling piglets

“…Limited study is available to document or explain the interactions between TBZC and CuSO 4 in weanling piglets. Smith et al (1997) found an interaction between ZnO and CuSO 4 for ADG from d 14 to 28 after weaning. A regional study conducted by Hill et al (2000) found an interaction between Zn (ZnO) and Cu (CuSO 4 ) for growth performance, and responses to Zn and Cu were independent and not additive in the current experiment.…”

“…Feeding 250 mg/kg Cu from CuSO 4 improved growth performance of weanling piglets (Armstrong et al, 2004). Previous research indicated that there was an interaction between high level of zinc oxide (ZnO) and CuSO 4 , but additive responses to growth-promoting were not observed (Smith et al, 1997;Hill et al, 2000). However, recently research reported that organic copper and ZnO had additive benefits effects on piglet's performance (Pettigrew and Perez-Mendoza, 2007).…”

Effects of Chelated Copper and Zinc Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Profiles, and Fecal Noxious Gas Emission in Weanling Pigs

“…However, no studies have found additive effects of Zn and Cu in weanling pigs (Smith et al, 1997;Hill et al, 2000). Nevertheless, there has been increased interest in the use of organic chelated mineral complexes as mineral sources for weanling pigs because of their higher potential bioavailability when compared to minerals from inorganic sources.…”

Potential Use of Silver Nanoparticles as an Additive in Animal Feeding

“…As it has been shown that the continuous use of antibiotics as growth promoters provoke the retention in animal tissues and that the human consumption of such animal products would potentially increase processes of antibiotic resistance, movements of social pressure towards food security were claiming for a strict control and against their use in animal feeding, reaching the banning of using antibiotics as growth promoters from 2006 in the European Community (CE 1831(CE /2003. In other way, the use of some trace elements such as zinc and copper, that have been systematically included as growth promoters in diets for weaned piglets because of their beneficial role in pig health status (Hahn & Baker 1993;Smith et al, 1997) have been also restricted to those levels that satisfy the metabolic needs of animals because of both their retention in animal tissues and environmental hazard. The addition of high doses of zinc (from 2500 to 3500 ppm, as zinc oxide) or copper (from 150 to 250 ppm, as copper sulphate) modulates the microbial status of the digestive tract and reduce the incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea (Jensen-Waern et al, 1998;Broom et al, 2006), generally promoting increases in productive performances (Hill et al, 2000;Case & Carlson, 2002).…”