Effects of the interaction of sex and food intake on the relation between energy expenditure and body composition

Paul, David R.; Novotny, Janet A.; Rumpler, William V.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.3.385

Cited by 42 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Exercise has been shown to be more efficacious in men compared with women, 18,19 and researchers have speculated that this may be due, in part, to increased energy expended by men at the same level of physical activity as women. 49 It may also be due to locations of storage in men vs women and how quickly it is mobilized from these regions during weight loss (upper body for men and gluteal-femoral region for women). 50,51 However, in this study, all of the participants were overweight or obese, so it is likely that women also had excess fat stored in the abdominal region where it could be mobilized more quickly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The comparative and cumulative effects of a dietary restriction and exercise on weight loss

et al. 2005

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Objective: To assess the independence of changes made in diet and physical activity for weight loss; and, to examine the comparative and cumulative effects of these behavioral changes on weight loss outcomes. Design: The observational study is based on longitudinal data collected from 674 women and 288 men enrolled in a 2-year weight loss program introduced into a managed care setting. Measurements: The outcome variable was body mass index (BMI) change from baseline to 2-year follow-up. Primary independent variables were changes in physical activity and dietary fat intake, assessed as continuous measures using the Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire and Block Fat Screener Questionnaire, respectively. Two-way ANCOVA was used to assess the relative effect on BMI of behavioral changes. Results: Study results showed no preference for diet or physical activity change as a weight loss strategy. For both genders, the relationship between the two behaviors was synergistic rather than compensatory. Examination of the comparative benefits of behavioral changes indicated that, for women and men, restricting fat intake was more effective than increasing exercise for weight loss. While fat restrictions alone contributed to weight loss in both genders, exercise alone provided weight loss benefits to men, only. The cumulative effect of weight loss behaviors varied by gender. In women, an interaction was observed. The response of weight to fat restriction was greater among those who increased their exercise moderately or substantially. In men, there was no interaction; exercise increases helped to offset weight gain or provided small weight loss benefits at all levels of dietary fat change. Conclusion: Dietary changes appeared to be more effective than increased physical activity for weight loss. For women, the cumulative effect of concomitant changes in diet and exercise on weight loss was more than additive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The comparative and cumulative effects of a dietary restriction and exercise on weight loss

et al. 2005

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“…[11][12][13][14][15][16] Previously, an association between body composition and physical activity-related energy expenditure has been shown in men but not in women. 17,18 Westerterp and Goran concluded that the association was probably not observed in women due to an increased energy intake to compensate for a higher degree of physical activity. Furthermore, a 16 months exercise intervention resulted in a significant loss of fat mass in men, whereas fat mass was not decreased in women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 This supports the idea that women compensate for an increased total energy expenditure by increasing their energy intake more than men do. 17 However, Westerterp and Goran 18 recruited women aged 19-49 and Paul et al 17 recruited women with an average age of 48 ± 10 years. When Stubbs et al 20 increased energy expenditure over a period of 7 days by implementing 80 min of exercise per day in women aged 23 ± 0.6 years, they did not find any compensation in energy intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition is associated with physical activity in daily life as measured using a triaxial accelerometer in both men and women

Hoed

2008

Int J Obes

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Background: Activity-related energy expenditure is the most variable component of total energy expenditure and thus an important determinant of energy balance. Objective: To determine whether body composition is related to physical activity in both men and women. Design: A total of 134 healthy participants were recruited (80 women, 54 men; aged 21 ± 2 years; body mass index, 22.0 ± 2.4). Physical activity was measured for a period of 2 weeks using a triaxial accelerometer for movement registration (Tracmor). Percentage body fat (%BF) was determined by underwater weighing and deuterium dilution according to Siri's threecompartment model. Results: The participant characteristicsFbody mass, height and gender together explained a substantial part of the variation in %BF (R 2 ¼ 0.75, SEE ¼ 4.0%). Adding physical activity to the model increased the explained variation in %BF with 4% (R 2 ¼ 0.79, SEE ¼ 3.7%, Po0.001). Taking seasonality into account by adding the number of daylight hours as an independent variable further increased the explained variation with 1% (R 2 ¼ 0.80, SEE ¼ 3.7%, Po0.05). In analogy, the association was evaluated for both genders separately. In women, %BF and physical activity were significantly associated (Po0.001). In men, %BF was only associated with physical activity when seasonality was taken into account as well (Po0.05). This probably resulted from men participating more in season bound sports, because an association was found without adjusting for seasonality when only men with a consistent year-round participation in sports were considered. Conclusion: Evidence was found for an association between body composition and physical activity in both genders. A consistent year-round degree of physical activity appears to be a prerequisite to reveal the association. Moreover, Tracmorassessed physical activity improves the estimate of %BF when a participant's characteristics are taken into account.

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“…Nonetheless, associations between various anthropometrics and indices of physical activity tend to be low in the general population. [3,4] Total energy expenditure (TEE) is an important variable to quantify accurately, given its role in weight management and disease prevention. TEE is the sum of the energy expended to support basal metabolism, physical activity, and food digestion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] Seminal research has also described its inverse association with cardiovascular death rates. [6] To date, research has investigated relationships between various indices of physical activity and body composition in a range of populations, including children, [7,8,9] young co-ed samples, [10] older co-ed samples, [3] middle-aged females, [11,12] and African American females with a range of adiposity values. [13] Age, through its direct effects on body composition and indirect effects on physical activity, and sex are known to influence associations between physical activity and body composition, [3,4,10] posing limitations to studies using a broad range of ages and mixed sexes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Multiple Indices of Energy Expenditure and Body Composition

Brewer¹,

Bentley²,

Moring³

et al. 2017

JPAR

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There has been an explosion of research investigating the association between various indices of physical activity and markers of health, including body composition, with much of this research characterized by subjective measures and single cross-sectional assessments. The purpose was to examine relationships between multiple indices of energy expenditure (EE) and body composition (BC) using objective, clinical tools in a dual cross-sectional design. Males (n=14) wore the SenseWear PRO 2 armband (SP2) for two 3-day periods (T 1 , T 2 ) separated by 6 weeks. The SP2 measured four EE indices: total energy expenditure (TEE, kcal), physical activity energy expenditure (AEE, kcal), physical activity duration (PA, mins), and number of steps (STPS). DXA measured four BC indices: bone mineral content (BMC, g), lean soft tissue (LT, g), and adipose tissue (AT, %, g). Associations between EE and BC were examined using bivariate correlations. At T 1 , TEE was correlated with BMC (r= 0.841, p<0.001) and LT (r=0.638, p=0.014), while AEE was correlated with BMC (r=0.565, p=0.035). At T 2 , TEE was correlated to BMC (r=0.596, p=0.025), while AEE was associated with LT (r=0.535; p=0.049). TEE and AEE demonstrated consistent associations with fat free mass. Despite being key aspects of recommendations for health, physical activity duration and steps were not associated with any BC index nor was either index of fat mass associated with any measure of EE.

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Effects of the interaction of sex and food intake on the relation between energy expenditure and body composition

Abstract: These results suggest that the relation between PAEE and %BF is stronger in men than in women. Macronutrient composition seems have a stronger influence on %BF in women than in men.

Cited by 42 publications

References 28 publications

The comparative and cumulative effects of a dietary restriction and exercise on weight loss

The comparative and cumulative effects of a dietary restriction and exercise on weight loss

Body composition is associated with physical activity in daily life as measured using a triaxial accelerometer in both men and women

Associations between Multiple Indices of Energy Expenditure and Body Composition

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