Effects of the Iceland plume on Greenland's lithosphere: New insights from ambient noise tomography

Antonijevic, Sanja Knezevic; Lees, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1016/j.polar.2018.06.004

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…In this section, we review results of previous seismological studies of the crust and upper mantle structure beneath Greenland and surrounding regions, focusing mainly on seismic tomography studies. The structure has been investigated using several tomographic methods with various spatial scales, including regionalscale surface wave tomography (Antonijevic & Lees, 2018;Darbyshire et al, 2004Darbyshire et al, , 2018Levshin et al, 2017;Mordret, 2018;Pourpoint et al, 2018), surface wave tomography of the North Atlantic region (Pilidou et al, 2004), body wave tomography of the whole Arctic region (Jakovlev et al, 2012), full waveform tomography of the North Atlantic region (Rickers et al, 2013), full waveform tomography of the whole Arctic region (Lebedev et al, 2017), and global tomography (e.g., Hosseini et al, 2020;Lei et al, 2020;Zhao, 2001Zhao, , 2004Zhao et al, 2013).…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the International Seismological Centre (ISC) integrates and opens to the public seismic traveltime data picked from the GLISN seismograms by various organizations. Seismological analyses of Greenland and surrounding regions were scarce before the GLISN network was established (e.g., Braun et al, 2007; Dahl‐Jensen, Larsen, et al, 2003; Darbyshire et al, 2004; Jakovlev et al, 2012; Pilidou et al, 2004), but recently they have been actively conducted using the GLISN dataset (e.g., Antonijevic & Lees, 2018; Darbyshire et al, 2018; Lebedev et al, 2017; Levshin et al, 2017; Mordret, 2018; Mordret et al, 2016; Pourpoint et al, 2018; Rickers et al, 2013; Toyokuni et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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P Wave Tomography Beneath Greenland and Surrounding Regions: 1. Crust and Upper Mantle

2020

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We study the 3-D P wave velocity (Vp) structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath Greenland and surrounding regions using the latest P wave arrival time data. The Greenland Ice Sheet Monitoring Network (GLISN), initiated in 2009, is an international project for seismic observation in these regions using 34 stations. We use a regional seismic tomography method to simultaneously invert P wave arrival times of local earthquakes and P wave relative traveltime residuals of teleseismic events. These data are extracted from the ISC-EHB catalog; however, for the teleseismic data, we picked new arrival times from seismograms using a cross-correlation method. Our tomographic results clearly reveal the Iceland plume, the Jan Mayen plume, and a newly discovered "Svalbard plume," which merge together in the mantle transition zone. A high-Vp body exists beneath the Greenland Sea, which might act as an obstacle against the rising Svalbard plume. Furthermore, our results reveal a remarkable low-Vp anomaly elongated in the NW-SE direction at depths ≤250 km beneath central Greenland, which is connected with the Iceland and Jan Mayen hotspots. Although previous studies have suggested a similar feature, our result is the first to show the low-Vp zone existing at all depths in the Greenland lithosphere, and its spatial distribution coincides with a high heat flux region. These characteristics indicate that the low-Vp zone reflects residual heat from the Iceland plume when the Greenland lithosphere passed over this plume at~80-20 Ma. Our results also indicate the possible existence of residual heat from the Jan Mayen plume. Plain Language Summary Greenland is a stable land mass that has preserved~4 Gyr of Earth's history. In its vicinity, there are the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the Iceland and Jan Mayen hotspots, and a geothermal area in Svalbard, which indicate the complexity of this region. We apply seismic tomography to analyze the latest data recorded by a new seismograph network, and we obtain detailed 3-D images of the crust and upper mantle. Our results clearly image the conduit-like Iceland plume, the Jan Mayen plume, and a newly discovered "Svalbard plume," which merge together in the mantle transition zone. These new findings will improve our understanding of the tectonic and thermal evolution of this region. We also find a low seismic velocity zone running in the NW-SE direction beneath central Greenland, which is connected with the Iceland and Jan Mayen hotspots. This zone is located within the Greenlandic plate, and its spatial distribution agrees well with an area of high geothermal heat flux. These results suggest that the low-velocity zone reflects residual heat from the Iceland plume when the Greenlandic plate passed over the plume at~80-20 Ma. Our model further suggests a possible heat track left by the Jan Mayen plume.

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Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P Wave Tomography Beneath Greenland and Surrounding Regions: 1. Crust and Upper Mantle

2020

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“…Nonetheless, inferred a‐axis azimuths are consistent with deformation fabrics from Proterozoic and Archean orogenic events in western and northern Greenland (Figure 10). The Trans‐Hudson Orogeny, which occurred 1.8 Ga, is responsible for Greenland's prominent Nagssugtoqidian belt, although the direction of compression and shape of the tectonic boundary is obscured by the ice sheet and has been interpolated in many ways across Greenland (Antonijevic & Lees, 2018; Dawes, 2009; Henriksen et al., 2009; Pourpoint et al., 2018). Unobscured by the ice sheet, shear zones in Western Greenland closely associated with the Nagssugtoqidian orogen trend ENE‐WSW to NE‐SW (Bak et al., 1975; van Gool et al., 2002), parallel to local thrust zones and older Archean terranes (Henriksen et al., 2009; Korstgård et al., 1987; van Gool et al., 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also include the APM direction over central Greenland, as well as the best-fit a-axis orientations in the upper and lower layers. is obscured by the ice sheet and has been interpolated in many ways across Greenland (Antonijevic & Lees, 2018;Dawes, 2009;Henriksen et al, 2009;Pourpoint et al, 2018). Unobscured by the ice sheet, shear zones in Western Greenland closely associated with the Nagssugtoqidian orogen trend ENE-WSW to NE-SW (Bak et al, 1975;van Gool et al, 2002), parallel to local thrust zones and older Archean terranes (Henriksen et al, 2009;Korstgård et al, 1987;van Gool et al, 2002).…”

Section: Interpretation Of Two-layer Anisotropy Models In Terms Of Mantle Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of particular note is the Trans‐Hudson Orogeny, which was a widespread set of plate collisions that helped to build Laurentia around 1.8 Ga (e.g., St‐Onge et al., 2009). Orogenic belts from this event can be found across North America; in Greenland, this includes the Rinkian and Nagssugtoqidian belts that bound major crustal blocks (e.g., Antonijevic & Lees, 2018; Dahl‐Jensen et al., 2003; Henriksen et al., 2009). During the Silurian, the continent–continent collision of Laurentia and Baltica developed the Eastern Greenland Caledonides, resulting in complex thrust architecture along the eastern coast (e.g., Dawes, 2009; Higgins & Leslie, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi‐Layer Seismic Anisotropy Beneath Greenland

Nathan

Hariharan

Florez

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Nearly all of Greenland's bedrock geology is inaccessible because it is covered by the Greenland Ice Sheet. Therefore, geophysical investigations are especially important in furthering our understanding of Greenland's subglacial lithospheric structure. Greenland is a region of interest as its lithosphere contains cratonic material and records the history of Archean, Proterozoic, and Paleozoic orogenies and could provide insight into the history of the Iceland plume (e.g., Henriksen et al., 2009). The majority of Greenland is Precambrian and has been modified by multiple tectonic (orogenic and rifting) events (e.g., Henriksen et al., 2009). Of particular note is the Trans-Hudson Orogeny, which was a widespread set of plate collisions that helped to build Laurentia around 1.8 Ga (e.g., St-Onge et al., 2009). Orogenic belts from this event can be found across North America; in Greenland, this includes the Rinkian and Nagssugtoqidian belts that bound major crustal blocks (e.g.

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Arctic rift system driven by a giant stagnant slab

Toyokuni¹,

Zhao²

2021

Preprint

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A detailed 3-D tomographic model of the whole mantle beneath the circum-Arctic region is obtained by applying an updated global tomography method to a large amount of P -wave arrival time data. Our model clearly shows the subducted Izanagi and Farallon slabs penetrating into the lower mantle beneath Eurasia and North America, respectively. In the region from Canada to Greenland, a giant stagnant slab lying below the 660-km discontinuity is revealed. Because this slab has a texture that seems to be due to subducted oceanic ridges, the slab might be composed of the Izanagi, Farallon, Kula and Vancouver slabs that had subducted during ˜80-20 Ma. During that period, a complex rift system represented by division between Canada and Greenland was developed. The oceanic ridge subduction and hot upwelling in the big mantle wedge above the stagnant slab caused a tensional stress field, which might have induced these complex tectonic events.

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Effects of the Iceland plume on Greenland's lithosphere: New insights from ambient noise tomography

Cited by 11 publications

References 47 publications

P Wave Tomography Beneath Greenland and Surrounding Regions: 1. Crust and Upper Mantle

P Wave Tomography Beneath Greenland and Surrounding Regions: 1. Crust and Upper Mantle

Multi‐Layer Seismic Anisotropy Beneath Greenland

Arctic rift system driven by a giant stagnant slab

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