Effects of the hierarchical macro/mesoporous structure on the osteoblast‐like cell response

Abstract

To improve the success of medical devices, implants with strong surface bioactivity are urgently required. Coatings with a macroporous structure produced by micro-arc oxidation possess advantages, such as strong adhesion to substrate and excellent resistance to wear and corrosion. Mesoporous structures contain pores with sizes of 2-50 nm, which can endow the biomaterials with the ability to enhance osteogenesis and to be loaded with diverse drugs. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of both macroporous and mesoporous structures using a hierarchical macro/mesoporous structure to modify the titanium implant surface. The behaviors of SaOS-2 human osteosarcoma cells on the macro/mesoporous structure, including initial adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and collagen secretion, were investigated. Cells that attached on the macro/mesoporous surface showed the highest cell numbers and greatest spreading area after incubation for 1, 2, and 4 h compared with the polished smooth substrate and macroporous surface in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, in the absence of FBS, cell adhesion on the polished substrate, macroporous structure, and macro/mesoporous structure did not differ significantly. Cell proliferation on the macroporous and macro/mesoporous surfaces increased compared with that on the smooth substrate surface. Furthermore, ALP activity and collagen secretion were enhanced on the macro/mesoporous structure. Our findings provided important insights into the cellular responses to macro/mesoporous structures in the field of implant surface modification. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1896-1902, 2018.

La-Doped mesoporous calcium silicate/chitosan scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

“…32 The La-MCS/CTS scaffolds harboured the mesoporous structure, the pore size of which was approximately 200 μm, which permitted the rapid adhesion and spreading of rBSMCs. [33][34][35] In previous work, it was found that both CS and CTS possessed prominent biocompatibility and latent capacity for biomedical applications. [36][37][38] Interestingly, both the structure and chemical composition of the La-MSC/ CTS scaffolds provided a basis for rapid cell adhesion and proliferation.…”

Sterile and Dual-Porous Aerogels Scaffolds Obtained through a Multistep Supercritical CO2-Based Approach

“…Material surface roughness and topography are amongst the physicochemical properties that conditions the adhesion of cells to the scaffolds among other cell functions [43,44]. A topography for scaffolds combining cells-material contact at the microscale and nanoscale is necessary to reach effective tissue integration [45]. The high porosity of the starch aerogels in the nanoscale (Figure 2) can mimic the extracellular matrix and significantly contribute to the number of anchoring sites in the scaffolds for surface adhesion of cells [43,46], to influence the cell behavior and to promote certain biological pathways for tissue growth [45,47,48,49].…”

Meso‐macroporous crack‐free nanohydroxyapatite coatings templated by C12E10 diblock copolymer on Ti6Al4V implant materials toward human osteoblast‐like cells

“…Deposition of calcium phosphates on Ti‐based implants has previously been reported (Kuroda & Okido, ; Mavis & Taş, ); however, in this study, the synthesis parameters were adjusted in such a way that the hydroxyapatite phase would uniformly be formed with bimodal pore size distribution, both mesoporous and macroporous structures. It has also previously been shown that the hierarchical macro‐/mesoporous structure strongly impacts on the protein interactions with the implant surface, consequently affecting cell behavior as compared with its counterpart with a single mode of porosity (Zhang et al, ). In addition, the open and interconnected mesoporous architecture was obtained using nonionic surfactant C 12 E 10 as a template.…”