Effects of the Glaucoma Drugs Latanoprost and Brimonidine on Corneal Temperature

Konieczka, Katarzyna; Koch, Simone; Hauenstein, Daniela; Chackathayil, T. N.; Binggeli, Tatjana; Schoetzau, Andreas

doi:10.1167/tvst.8.3.47

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…27 Current use of topical glaucoma treatment did not have a significant effect on OST and there were no significant differences due to the use of different eyedrop types. Our findings are partially supported by Konieczka et al, 28 who observed that latanoprost eyedrops had a very small and insignificant influence on the OST, and that brimonidine reduced the OST by approximately 0.5°C.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Ocular surface temperature differences in glaucoma

Leshno

Stern

Barkana

et al. 2021

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation and immune response are part of the sequence of pathological events leading to optic nerve damage in glaucoma. Changes in tissue temperature due to inflammation can be measured by thermographic imaging. We investigated the ocular surface temperature (OST) profile of glaucomatous eyes to better understand the pathophysiology of these conditions. Methods: Subjects diagnosed with glaucoma (primary open angle glaucoma [POAG] or pseudo exfoliation glaucoma [PXFG]) treated at the Sam Rothberg Glaucoma Center (11/2019–11/2020.) were recruited. Healthy subjects with no ocular disease served as controls. The Therm-App thermal imaging camera was used for OST acquisition. Room and body temperatures were recorded, and the mean temperatures of the medial cantus, lateral cantus, and cornea were calculated with image processing software. Results: Thermographic images were obtained from 52 subjects (52 eyes: 25 POAG and 27 PXFG) and 66 controls (66 eyes). Eyes with glaucoma had a significantly higher OST compared to controls (mean 0.9 ± 0.3°C, p < 0.005). The difference between the two groups remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, intraocular pressure (IOP) and room and body temperatures. Lens status and topical IOP-lowering medication did not significantly affect OST. A subgroup analysis revealed that the OST was higher among eyes with POAG compared to eyes with PXFG, but not significantly. Conclusions: Differences in the OST between glaucomatous and normal eyes strengthens current thinking that inflammation affects the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Longitudinal studies are warranted to establish the prognostic value of thermographic evaluations in these patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Ocular surface temperature differences in glaucoma

Leshno

Stern

Barkana

et al. 2021

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…We investigated the effect of glaucoma drugs on corneal temperature. After one drop of brimonidine, the temperature of the cornea dropped for approximately 90 min due to the vasoconstrictive effect of brimonidine [ 27 ], whereas we observed no cooling under placebo. Interestingly, this effect was significantly stronger in patients with FS than in patients without FS (CTR NCT01201551, publication in preparation).…”

Section: Drug Treatment Of Patients With Fsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Treatment of Glaucoma Patients with Flammer Syndrome

Konieczka

2021

JCM

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Flammer syndrome (FS) describes a phenotype characterized by the presence of primary vascular dysregulation along with a number of symptoms and signs. Although most people with FS are healthy, FS favors the occurrence of certain diseases, such as normal tension glaucoma. This is because disturbed autoregulation makes the eye more sensitive to intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes or blood pressure drops. Treatment of FS is generally appropriate when patients either suffer greatly from their symptoms or if we can assume that it has contributed to a disease. In glaucoma, this may be the case if the glaucoma damage progresses despite well-controlled IOP. Both the still sparse scientific studies and our long clinical experience suggest that FS-targeted therapy not only relieves the symptoms of FS but also slows the progression of glaucoma damage in selected cases. This description is intended not only to help affected patients but to also motivate clinicians and researchers to conduct therapy studies to confirm or refute our observations.

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“…There is also controversy regarding the relationship between corneal temperature and intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma since a study in healthy subjects showed that induced changes in corneal temperature (by increasing temperature after closing the eyelids for one hour) caused an IOP increase, and on the contrary, the use of a cooling mask induced a decrease in IOP that correlated with the decrease in corneal temperature [ 96 ]. Similarly, thermography provided indirect information about the influence of glaucoma medications; specifically, some antiglaucoma drugs have been shown to lower central corneal temperature at a time point coincident with their peak effect [ 97 ]; this supports the idea that OST may be elevated in patients with glaucoma.…”

Section: Use Of Thermography In Ophthalmologymentioning

confidence: 87%

Applications of Infrared Thermography in Ophthalmology

Gulías-Cañizo

Rodríguez-Malagón

Botello-González

et al. 2023

Life

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Body temperature is one of the key vital signs for determining a disease’s severity, as it reflects the thermal energy generated by an individual’s metabolism. Since the first study on the relationship between body temperature and diseases by Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich at the end of the 19th century, various forms of thermometers have been developed to measure body temperature. Traditionally, methods for measuring temperature can be invasive, semi-invasive, and non-invasive. In recent years, great technological advances have reduced the cost of thermographic cameras, which allowed extending their use. Thermal cameras capture the infrared radiation of the electromagnetic spectrum and process the images to represent the temperature of the object under study through a range of colors, where each color and its hue indicate a previously established temperature. Currently, cameras have a sensitivity that allows them to detect changes in temperature as small as 0.01 °C. Along with its use in other areas of medicine, thermography has been used at the ocular level for more than 50 years. In healthy subjects, the literature reports that the average corneal temperature ranges from 32.9 to 36 °C. One of the possible sources of variability in normal values is age, and other possible sources of variation are gender and external temperature. In addition to the evaluation of healthy subjects, thermography has been used to evaluate its usefulness in various eye diseases, such as Graves’ orbitopathy, and tear duct obstruction for orbital diseases. The ocular surface is the most studied area. Ocular surface temperature is influenced by multiple conditions, one of the most studied being dry eye; other diseases studied include allergic conjunctivitis and pterygium as well as systemic diseases such as carotid artery stenosis. Among the corneal diseases studied are keratoconus, infectious keratitis, corneal graft rejection, the use of scleral or soft contact lenses, and the response to refractive or cataract surgery. Other diseases where thermographic features have been reported are glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vascular occlusions, intraocular tumors as well as scleritis, and other inflammatory eye diseases.

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Effects of the Glaucoma Drugs Latanoprost and Brimonidine on Corneal Temperature

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Ocular surface temperature differences in glaucoma

Ocular surface temperature differences in glaucoma

Treatment of Glaucoma Patients with Flammer Syndrome

Applications of Infrared Thermography in Ophthalmology

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