Effects of the gas phase molecular weight and bubble size on effervescent atomization

Rahman, Mohammad Azizur; Balzan, Miguel A.; Heidrick, T. R.; Fleck, Brian A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2011.08.013

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Therefore, the mechanics of bubbly flows, from generation to their evolution have received widespread attention. For applications, such as twin‐fluid atomizers, bubble column reactors, and drag reduction by means of gas injection, the bubbly flow residence time is not long enough to achieve a dynamic equilibrium between coalescence and break‐up. Here, the mixing between the gas and liquid phases is determined by the mechanics of the gas injection into the flowing liquid .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bubble formation regimes during gas injection into a liquid cross flow in a conduit

2016

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A study was performed to characterize the different bubble formation regimes that occur during the process of gas jet injection into a liquid cross flow in a conduit. Air was injected perpendicularly into a turbulent, fully developed water flow circulating through a 12.7 mm square channel. Three different gas injectors, with diameters of 0.27 mm, 0.52 mm, and 1.59 mm were used. The bulk water velocity values ranged between 1.1 and 4.3 m/s. The effects that the gas injection velocity, liquid mean velocity, and injection gas injection diameter have on the process of bubble generation were investigated. A high‐speed visualization technique was used to determine the regimes near the gas inlet region. Four distinct regimes were identified: Single Bubbling (SB), Pulse (P), Elongated Jetting (EJ), and Atomizing Jetting (AJ). It was observed that the shift between regimes occurs gradually, producing the need to identify transitional regions: SBP and PTJ. Sets of independent dimensionless variables were used to categorize the proposed regimes using bubble formation maps. It was determined that the injection diameter plays a primary role in jet formation: as the injection diameter increased, the observable number of regimes decreased, indicating a more stable and continuous process of bubble generation. Empirical correlations that delimit the boundaries between ordered and chaotic bubble generation are presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bubble formation regimes during gas injection into a liquid cross flow in a conduit

2016

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“…A typical fluid coker nozzle is rodable and uses a series of contractions and expansions to promote mixing of liquid and atomization gas upstream of the nozzle tip; ,, the TEB nozzle, shown in Figure , is a commercial example . The performance of various nozzle geometries can be predicted with CFD modeling , or dimensional analysis …”

Section: Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Research Related to Fluid Cokers

Briens

McMillan

2021

Energy Fuels

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Fluid coking is a thermal conversion process that uses a conventional two-vessel circulating fluidized bed to convert heavy hydrocarbon feeds to lighter products. The technology was developed in the 1950s and since then has been used commercially around the world to upgrade heavy oils from various sources. Research work has been summarized related to all aspects of the fluid coking process, including reaction fundamentals, bed hydrodynamics, liquid distribution and jet–bed interaction, mixing of solid particles and agglomerates, mixing of vapors, control of the particle size, cleaning of the vapor stream in the scrubber, cleaning of the cold coke in the stripper, process monitoring, coke transfer lines, and the burner. The fluid coking process involves complex interactions between fluidized bed hydrodynamics, liquid feed injection, and reaction kinetics, and research tools that can take into account all of these interacting variables are requited to test methods to optimize the process. Fluid cokers can process many different types of feeds, and future applications may include blending and co-processing a variety of feedstocks ranging from waste plastics, pyrolytic bio-oil, and off-spec vegetable oils with heavy oil. The findings from this summary are also relevant for other applications that inject liquid into fluidized beds, such as the fluid catalytic cracking process, olefin polymerization cooled by liquid injection, granulators, and coaters.

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“…Jedelsky and Jicha [10] concluded that the explosions of gas bubbles enhanced the instability in the spray process. Several researchers [11][12][13][14] have studied the near-atomizer structure of the spray produced by a ligament-controlled effervescent atomizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the two-phase hybrid mode of effervescent atomizer on the atomization characteristics

et al. 2019

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In this paper, the atomization characteristics of an effervescent atomizer were investigated. The velocity, Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) and atomization cone angle of the droplets were measured using the Phase Doppler Analyzer (PDA) to discuss the effect of different design parameters. The results showed that the atomization was unstable at a small Gas-Liquid Rate (GLR) while the atomization proved gradually by increasing the GLR. The optimal atomization region was at a GLR=0.1. In the atomization process, there existed a typical velocity distribution for the swirl atomizer. The design parameters of atomizer provided a great influence on the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) and atomization cone angle. The experiment results showed that some droplets had negative velocities.

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Effects of the gas phase molecular weight and bubble size on effervescent atomization

Cited by 23 publications

References 82 publications

Bubble formation regimes during gas injection into a liquid cross flow in a conduit

Bubble formation regimes during gas injection into a liquid cross flow in a conduit

Review of Research Related to Fluid Cokers

Effect of the two-phase hybrid mode of effervescent atomizer on the atomization characteristics

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