Effects of the Encrusting Bryozoan, Membranipora Membranacea, on the Loss of Blades and Fronds by the Giant Kelp, Macrocystis Pyrifera (Laminariales)

Dixon, John D.; Schroeter, Stephen C.; Kastendiek, Jon

doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1981.tb03120.x

Cited by 101 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Similarly, the study by Helmuth et al (1994) in the West Wind Drift east of Tierra del Fuego showed reduced blade lengths of M. pyrifera with distance from the shore, indicating high deterioration of these rafts. Hobday (2000) reported that reduced blade length of M. pyrifera can be related to the aging of blades over time and Dixon et al (1981) demonstrated that blade loss of benthic Fucus serratus depends on the intensity of bryozoan colonization. A similar defoliation effect might occur in floating kelps sampled in the northernmost region of the CSC, which probably lost some vegetative blade tissues due to increased epibiont growth and high water temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, sessile epifauna such as bryozoans are likely to influence the physiology and growth of benthic macroalgae by covering photosynthetic tissues (Hurd et al 2000;Hepburn et al 2006). Dense colonization with bryozoans can also increase the susceptibility to tissue loss as a result of wave or current action (Dixon et al 1981). In general, the abundance and species composition of organisms associated with floating algae can be highly variable in time and space and it is suggested that successional changes are related to floating time and distance from the shore (Thiel and Gutow 2005b).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Kelp rafts in the Humboldt Current: Interplay of abiotic and biotic factors limit their floating persistence and dispersal potential

usler

Gómez

Hinojosa

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

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During summer 2009, we conducted a field experiment and a field survey at 30uS in the coastal Humboldt Current to determine how floating time affects the physiological performance of kelp rafts. For the field experiment kelp rafts were tethered in coastal waters and the field survey was specifically designed to collect freefloating Macrocystis pyrifera across a latitudinal temperature gradient that reflects natural floating time. Experimental kelps were kept under photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and PAR + ultraviolet (UV; PAR + UV) using filter foils, and tethered at the sea surface in their natural habitat. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) did not affect kelp physiology, but caused a decrease in kelp biomass. The field survey confirmed that sea-surface temperature increased with distance from upstream source populations of M. pyrifera. Rafts sampled at increasing distance from sources showed high epibiont cover and reduced blade lengths. Physiological performance declined with increasing size of algal epibionts, which are indicators of floating time. Rafts that were farthest from the southern source populations had lost their sporophylls, suggesting that dispersal potential decreases with increasing floating time. The combined effects of abiotic (UVR and temperature) and biotic factors accelerate degradation of M. pyrifera and, thus, can impede successful dispersal in the Humboldt Current at 30uS. This suggests that floating macroalgae can be important dispersal vectors in areas with moderate environmental stress (i.e., in temperate oceans).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Kelp rafts in the Humboldt Current: Interplay of abiotic and biotic factors limit their floating persistence and dispersal potential

usler

Gómez

Hinojosa

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Indices were clustered by furthest neighbour method (Steinhausen & Langer, 1977) and Saccorhiza (Kitching et al, 1934;Sloane et al, 1957;Norton, 1971). Most of the studies examined only one part of the kelp thallus (phylloid, cauloid or rhizoid) (Colman, 1940;Ebling et al, 1948;Ghelardi, 1971;Moore, 1973) or a detailed question (Wing & Clendenning, 1971~ Stebbing, 1972Norton, 1973;Dixon et al, 1981;Keough, 1986). Norton (1971) found 89 fauna species associated with Saccorhiza polyschides near the Isle of Man.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The macrofauna and macroflora associated withLaminaria digitata andL. hyperborea at the island of Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea)

Schultze

Janke

Krüß

et al. 1990

Helgolander Meeresunters

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This paper describes the macroflora and macrofauna associated with two bull kelp species, Laminaria hyperborea and L. digitata, at the island of Helgoland, North Sea. During a study period of seven months (March-September 1987), 29 macroflora species and 125 macrofauna species were found. The dominant taxonomic groups were Polychaeta (25 species), Bryozoa (17), Amphipoda (14), Hydrozoa (10) and Ascidiae (8). The species maximum was in July. In general, L.hyperborea was preferred as a substrate for settlement to L. digitata. Compositio n of the communities associated with kelp changed.during the season accordim:j to exposure to wave action, and according to location on the kelp thallus. The rhizoid community of both kelps bore more species at exposed locations. Wave-exposed L. digitata lacked obvious faunal settlement on both phylloid and cauloid. Phylloid and cauloid of L. hyperborea were chosen as an attractive substrate at both sheltered and wave-exposed locations, showing an association of encrusting bryozoan and hydrozoan colonies.

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“…However, some hosts can be negatively affected (e.g. increase in weight and surface friction), which may cause reduced mobility (Dixon et al, 1981) depending on the number and species of epibionts. Among host organisms, marine benthic decapods have been extensively reported in sheltering epibionts (Abelló and Macpherson, 1992;Jeffries et al, 1992;Becker and Wahl, 1996;Key et al, 1999;Santos and Bueno, 2002;Cordeiro and Costa, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infestation by the epibiont Octolasmis lowei in a portunid crab assemblage from a subtropical coast

et al. 2016

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We investigated the infestation by Octolasmis lowei Darwin, 1851 in branchial chambers of the portunid Achelous spinimanus (Latreille, 1819), Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck, 1818), Callinectes danae Smith, 1869, and Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863. We evaluated how infestation is related to host maturity, molt stage, carapace width and sex. Th e infestation probability increases with host carapace width, and infested crabs were more likely to be adults Nauplius BraZIlIan crustacean socIety Nauplius BraZIlIan crustacean socIety orIgInal artIcleThis article is part of the special series offered by the Brazilian Crustacean Society in honor to Nilton José Hebling in recognition of his dedication and contributions to the development of carcinology in Brazil. Silva-Inácio et al.2 Epibiosis in portunid crabsNauplius, 24: e2016022 in intermolt stage. Infestation prevalence did not differ between sexes, except for C. ornatus, in which females had higher infestation than males. Infestation intensity was higher for males than females in A. cribrarius and A. spinimanus, while C. ornatus showed an opposite pattern. Association of O. lowei with portunid seems to be tightly related to the biological traits of its host. Some of these traits, such as host size, maturity and molt stage, are likely to affect infestation in a similar way for all host species, while the effect of other traits, such as sex identity, seems to vary among hosts. We suggest a deeper understanding of the factors driving host use by generalist epibionts such as O. lowei depends on investigating their occurrence on a variety of potential hosts, as well as performing manipulative studies to evaluate the factors driving host preferences by this epibiont.

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Effects of the Encrusting Bryozoan, Membranipora Membranacea, on the Loss of Blades and Fronds by the Giant Kelp, Macrocystis Pyrifera (Laminariales)

Cited by 101 publications

References 4 publications

Kelp rafts in the Humboldt Current: Interplay of abiotic and biotic factors limit their floating persistence and dispersal potential

Kelp rafts in the Humboldt Current: Interplay of abiotic and biotic factors limit their floating persistence and dispersal potential

The macrofauna and macroflora associated withLaminaria digitata andL. hyperborea at the island of Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea)

Infestation by the epibiont Octolasmis lowei in a portunid crab assemblage from a subtropical coast

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