Effects of the drying process on the fatty acid content, phenolic profile, tocopherols and antioxidant activity of baru almonds (<em>Dipteryx alata</em> Vog.)

Abstract

This study carried out a chromatographic and spectrophotometric characterization of the bioactive compounds, antioxidants, phenolics, tocopherols, sterols and fatty acids of baru almonds “in natura” and submitted to drying processes. It was determined that baru “in natura” almonds presented high levels of phenolic compounds, vitamin C, antioxidants, phenolics, sterols, total monounsaturated fatty acids and low thrombogenic, and atherogenic indexes. During the process of drying it at 65 °C for 30 minutes, a decrease was noted in the levels of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, anthocyanins, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, o-coumaric acid, quercetin, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The same condition resulted in an increase in the levels of gallic acid, rutin, catechin, trans-cinnamic acid, vanillin, m-coumaric acid, tocopherols, monounsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant activity (ORAC and DPPH). When submitted to a temperature of 105 ºC for 30 minutes the same behavior was seen with a reduction in the vitamin C and ORAC contents and increased presence of flavonoids.

Characterization of Sweet Almond Oil Content of Four European Cultivars (Ferragnes, Ferraduel, Fournat, and Marcona) Recently Introduced in Morocco

“…Phenolic compounds are natural secondary metabolites that present many biological effects, where the antioxidant capacity is the most important characteristic mainly for its beneficial impact on health [ 34 ]. Most of the phenol compounds are localized in almond kernels presenting a high variation of total phenol content, which varied from a minimum of 237 mg GAE/kg to a maximum of 12541.2 mg·GAE/kg [ 35 – 37 ]. Generally, this variation depends on several factors, such as variety, oil extraction method, and agricultural practices.…”

Exploring the Role of Phenolic Compounds in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review

“…Research suggests that polyphenols may offer protective effects against CVD by enhancing blood vessel function, thereby potentially improving blood pressure [ 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 ]. They may also inhibit LDL oxidation, a pivotal step in arterial plaque formation, and reduce inflammation [ 99 , 100 , 101 ].…”

“…Catechin [96] ↑ GSH and the GSH2/GSSG ratio [94] Stigmasterol, betulinic acid [97] ↓ lipid peroxidation Antihemolytic effect ↓ blood pressure ↓ kidney hypertrophy ↑ CAT and SOD in the kidney [95] Hyperoside, quercitrin, caftaric acid, gentisic acid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid [99] ↓ blood pressure ↓ blood levels of uric acid, urea, creatinine, and urine levels of NAG ↓ TNF-α [99] Gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol [100] ↓ plasma concentrations of ALT, AST, and ALP ↑ SOD ↓ MDA, NO, and APOP ↑ catalase and SOD [100] Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, anthocyanins, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, o-coumaric acid, quercetin, gallic acid, rutin, catechin [98] ↓ CRP The activity of SOD and catalase enzymes, as well as the concentration of MDA, did not differ from the placebo group [101] Epigallocatechin, catechin, and epicatechin gallate [102] ↓ fibrinogen levels, protein expression of p22phox, and hsCPR…”

Impact of unconventional Ω-3 sources on cognitive development: A nexus to explore for future brains

“…Walnuts have the greatest antioxidant effectiveness among dry fruits, as shown by their high phenolic content, followed by almonds, cashew nuts, and raisins. According to another study, 50 g of walnuts contain considerably higher phenolic content than an 8-ounce drink of apple juice, a 5-ounce glass of red wine, or a milk chocolate bar (Campidelli et al 2020).…”