Effects of the cytokinins 6-benzyladenine and forchlorfenuron on fruit-, seed- and yield parameters according to developmental stages of flowers of the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae)

Fröschle, M.; Horn, Hans-Rudolf; Spring, Otmar

doi:10.1007/s10725-016-0206-7

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Therefore, it is crucial to improve the female flower number per inflorescence for the increase in J. curcas seed yield. Previous research showed that the exogenous application of CK (6-benzyladenine, BA) on inflorescence buds significantly increases the female flower number and female:male flower ratio, resulting in an increase in seed yield (Pan and Xu, 2011; Chen et al, 2014; Fröschle et al, 2016). These results suggest that CKs are involved in Jatropha sex differentiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis between Gynoecious and Monoecious Plants Identifies Regulatory Networks Controlling Sex Determination in Jatropha curcas

Chen

Pan

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Most germplasms of the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas are monoecious. A gynoecious genotype of J. curcas was found, whose male flowers are aborted at early stage of inflorescence development. To investigate the regulatory mechanism of transition from monoecious to gynoecious plants, a comparative transcriptome analysis between gynoecious and monoecious inflorescences were performed. A total of 3,749 genes differentially expressed in two developmental stages of inflorescences were identified. Among them, 32 genes were involved in floral development, and 70 in phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways. Six genes homologous to KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX GENE 6 (KNAT6), MYC2, SHI-RELATED SEQUENCE 5 (SRS5), SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP), TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1), and TASSELSEED2 (TS2), which control floral development, were considered as candidate regulators that may be involved in sex differentiation in J. curcas. Abscisic acid, auxin, gibberellin, and jasmonate biosynthesis were lower, whereas cytokinin biosynthesis was higher in gynoecious than that in monoecious inflorescences. Moreover, the exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA3) promoted perianth development in male flowers and partly prevented pistil development in female flowers to generate neutral flowers in gynoecious inflorescences. The arrest of stamen primordium at early development stage probably causes the abortion of male flowers to generate gynoecious individuals. These results suggest that some floral development genes and phytohormone signaling pathways orchestrate the process of sex determination in J. curcas. Our study provides a basic framework for the regulation networks of sex determination in J. curcas and will be helpful for elucidating the evolution of the plant reproductive system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis between Gynoecious and Monoecious Plants Identifies Regulatory Networks Controlling Sex Determination in Jatropha curcas

Chen

Pan

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Several studies have suggested that exogenous cytokinins treatment affects flower development in monoecious J. curcas [40,41,47,48]. To investigate the effect of endogenous cytokinins on J. curcas flower development, the native J. curcas JcTM6 promoter, which shows predominant activity in flowers, was used to drive the expression of the cytokinin biosynthetic gene AtIPT4 in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flower-Specific Overproduction of Cytokinins Altered Flower Development and Sex Expression in the Perennial Woody Plant Jatropha curcas L.

Xin

Tao

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Jatropha curcas L. is monoecious with a low female-to-male ratio, which is one of the factors restricting its seed yield. Because the phytohormone cytokinins play an essential role in flower development, particularly pistil development, in this study, we elevated the cytokinin levels in J. curcas flowers through transgenic expression of a cytokinin biosynthetic gene (AtIPT4) from Arabidopsis under the control of a J. curcas orthologue of TOMATO MADS BOX GENE 6 (JcTM6) promoter that is predominantly active in flowers. As expected, the levels of six cytokinin species in the inflorescences were elevated, and flower development was modified without any alterations in vegetative growth. In the transgenic J. curcas plants, the flower number per inflorescence was significantly increased, and most flowers were pistil-predominantly bisexual, i.e., the flowers had a huge pistil surrounded with small stamens. Unfortunately, both the male and the bisexual flowers of transgenic J. curcas were infertile, which might have resulted from the continuously high expression of the transgene during flower development. However, the number and position of floral organs in the transgenic flowers were well defined, which suggested that the determinacy of the floral meristem was not affected. These results suggest that fine-tuning the endogenous cytokinins can increase the flower number and the female-to-male ratio in J. curcas.

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“…У науковій літературі достатньо інформації про застосування нативних та синтетичних рістстимуляторів із метою активізації продукційного процесу шляхом морфометричних змін у зерново-круп᾽яних (Javid et al, 2011;Muhammad and Muhammad, 2013;Luo et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2017), зернобобових (Xing et al, 2016), олійних (Rogach, 2009;Khodanitska and Kuryata, 2011;Fu et al, 2014;Froschle et al, 2017), овочевих (Xiaotao et al, 2013Tubiс et al, 2016;Alexopoulos et al, 2017), технічних (Khodanitska and Kuryata, 2011;Mohammad and Mohammad, 2013;Rai et al, 2017), фруктових (Ahmed et al, 2012;Cruz-Castilloa et al, 2014;Li et al, 2016), лікарських і декоративних (Gouveia et al, 2012;Aremu et al, 2017;Madzikane-Mlungwana et al, 2017) культурах. Стимулятори росту також підвищують стійкість сільськогосподарських культур до несприятливих абіотичних та біотичних факторів середовища завдяки змінам у гормональному статусі та активізації антиоксидантних систем рослинного організму (Javid et al, 2011;Muhammad and Muhammad, 2013;Piotrowska-Niczyporuk et al, 2014;Tubiс et al, 2016;Xing et al, 2016).…”

Section: вступunclassified

“…Обробка препаратом розсади Polygonum cuspidatum підвищувала сиру масу листя (Sugiura et al, 2015). У Plukenetia volubilis стимулятор збільшував кількість жіночих квіток, що позитивно вплинуло на урожайність культури (Fu et al, 2014), як і в Jatropha curcas (Froschle et al, 2017). 6-бензиламінопурин гальмував ріст молодих пагонів у яблуні, але посилював цвітіння рослини (Li et al, 2016).…”

Section: вступunclassified

Influence of growth stimulants on photosynthetic apparatus, morphogenesis and production process of eggplant (Solanum melongena)

Rohach

2017

Biosys. divers.

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Artificial regulation of the growth and development of cultivated plants aiming at an increase of biological productivity and improvement of the quality of agricultural products is a significant objective of modern phytophysiology. The use of natural and synthetic growth stimulators is quite effective. The present paper discusses the issue of the influence of gibberellin acid (GA3), 1-naphthylacetic acid (1-NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) on the morphogenesis and productivity of aubergine plants of Diamond variety. Field experiments were conducted in 2013–2015. The plants were treated with such growth stimulators as 1-NAA, GA3 and 6-BAP at the concentration of 0.005% using a portable sprayer. The phytometric indices were fixed every 10 days, the mesostructure was checked in the leaves of the middle layer in the phase of fruit formation, the content of the amount of chlorophylls was determined in the fresh material by spectrophotometric method, the content of different forms of carbohydrates and nitrogen in the plant organs was estimated by biochemical methods in fixed dry material. It was found that GA3 increased plant height on average by 16.3%. 1-NAA and 6-BAP practically did not change linear plant sizes. The germicides increased the number of leaves per plant (10.8–30.8%), the mass of their raw matter (19.9–47.5%) and the area of the leaf surface (17.5–42.5%). The most significant impact on these indicators was made by GA3. All the germicides increased the number of leaves per plant (14.3–20.9%). 6-BAP increased the thickness of the leaf blades by 6.3% due to the growth of chlorenchyma, and GA3 reduced it by 9.2%. Under the influence of 6-BAP and 1-NAA, the thickness of chlorenchyma was increased by 7.0% and 5.9% respectively.The upper and lower epidermis became thinner or did not change under the effects of these germicides. Under the plant treatment with 1-NAA and 6-BAP, the size of columnar parenchyma cells increased by 25.6% and 19.6% and the size of the spongiform parenchyma cells increased by 8.4–76.7%. Under the action of GA3, the cell volume of the columnar parenchyma did not change significantly, and the size of the spongy cells increased. This paper reveals that all growth stimulants reduced the number of epidermis cells (6.6–7.4%). Under the action of 1-NAA and 6-BAP, there was a decrease in the number of stomata per 1 mm2 of the abacus leaf surface, respectively,by 6.5% and 21.2%. Instead, after the use of GA3, an increase in the number of stomata was observed by 21.8%. Such germicides as 1-NAA and GA3 reduced the area of respiratory area by 11.7% and 21.4%, while the 6-BAP increased its area by 10.4%. The results of the research show that 6-BAP increased the content of the sum of chlorophylls a + b in leaves by 13.3%. Under the action of 1-NAA, this indicator had only a tendency to increase (6.7%), but under the influence of GA3 it decreased. Moreover, the processing with germicides significantly increased leaf and chlorophyll indices. All three growth stimulants have increased the mass of dry matter of plants and the net productivity of photosynthesis. The data demonstrate that growth stimulants have contributed to the accumulation of various forms of carbohydrates in the roots and fruits. In the stems and leaves there was a tendency to decrease the content of sugars and starch. The germicides significantly reduced the content of all forms of nitrogen in the roots, stems and fruits, and increased the content of protein nitrogen in the leaves. Under the action of GA3 and 6-BAP, the number of fruits per plant increased by 19.3% and 16.1%, respectively. All growth stimulants have significantly increased the average weight of the individual fetus (7.4–10.3%). As a result, the weight of the fruits from one plant after treatment with 1-NAA, GA3 and 6-BAP increased by 11.0%, 28.0% and 29.4%, respectively. There are grounds to think that growth stimulants, influencing anatomical, morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of aubergines, changed the nature of the donor-acceptor relationships in the plant, which intensified the production process and optimized its productivity.

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Effects of the cytokinins 6-benzyladenine and forchlorfenuron on fruit-, seed- and yield parameters according to developmental stages of flowers of the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae)

Cited by 25 publications

References 44 publications

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis between Gynoecious and Monoecious Plants Identifies Regulatory Networks Controlling Sex Determination in Jatropha curcas

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis between Gynoecious and Monoecious Plants Identifies Regulatory Networks Controlling Sex Determination in Jatropha curcas

Flower-Specific Overproduction of Cytokinins Altered Flower Development and Sex Expression in the Perennial Woody Plant Jatropha curcas L.

Influence of growth stimulants on photosynthetic apparatus, morphogenesis and production process of eggplant (Solanum melongena)

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