Effects of the control field on the optical multistability in V-type three-level atomic system

Permanent dipole moment induced stability and group index switching in a three-level molecule

“…conditions in the steady state limit between the inci dent field and transmitted field are [12][13][14][15]:…”

“…Great efforts were made in this area and its wide applications attracted considerable attention, such as laser without inversion (LWI) [2], four wave mixing (FWM) [3][4][5], electron localization [6][7][8][9], optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], etc. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Optical force and friction of a V-type three-level atom in a driven high-Q cavity

“…G 12 represents the effect of quantum interference of spontaneous emission from the two upper levels and is defined as G 12 ¼ p(G 1 G 2 ) 1/2 , where p is the alignment parameter of the two matrix elements d 10 and d 20 , and is given by p ¼ d 10 Á d 20 /jd 10 jjd 20 j. It is obvious that if the two matrix elements d 10 , d 20 are orthogonal, then p ¼ 0 and no interference from spontaneous decay occurs [14]. For simplicity, we only discuss the case of p ¼ 0.…”

“…inserting Equation (17) into the expression of the force Equation (14). Finally one obtains the friction force in the good-cavity limit,…”

Analysis of the Optical Multistability Behavior in a Four-Level Atomic System With an Assisting Microwave-Driven Field

“…Later on, Arecchi et al 18 reported that not only tristability, but also higher-order bistability can be achieved by including the effect of ground-state coherence. Recently, some new schemes for optical multistability in multilevel atoms confined in an optical cavity have been studied theoretically [9][10][11]19,20 and experimentally. 8 It has been shown that the possibility of obtaining optical multistability in the multilevel atomic systems can be realized via spontaneously generated coherence, 10,11,20 via the strength or the frequency detuning of the coupling field, 8,9,19,26 via the atomic number density, 8 or via the sideband, 20 etc.…”