Effects of the complex interaction between nanoparticles and surfactants on the rheological properties of suspensions

Water–alcohol–TiO2 dispersions as sustainable ink

“…32,35 Typically, functional inks are prepared in the form of a colloidal solution of the functional materials, while the rheological properties are adjusted using specific volatile additives such as surfactants and electrolytes, as well as thixotropic, chelating, acidifying and alkalizing agents. The most widely used examples of these include sodium dodecyl sulfate, 36 oleic acid, 37 bovine serum albumin, 38 polyethylene glycol, 39 2-isopropoxyethanol, 40,41 glycerol, 42 polyacrylamide, 39 acetylacetone, 43 and various mineral acids for pH regulation. However, the use of high boiling point organic additives or postfabrication treatment may not be suitable for certain technological applications as they affect the purity and crystallinity of the deposited layer, and thus the related functional properties, especially in the case of sensitive electronic and optical applications.…”