Effects of the calcined temperature of ingredients on the growth, structure and electrical properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-based single crystals

0.98(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–0.02(Bi0.5Na0.5)(Zr0.85Sn0.15)O3 Single Crystals Grown by the Seed-Free Solid-State Crystal Growth Method and Their Characterization

“…This is due to improved alignment of the ferroelectric domains in the poling field and also to reduction of the orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition temperature in the single crystal. The value of d 33 is relatively high compared to values of 150 pC/N [26], 103 pC/N [29] and 209 pC/N [71] for KNN-based single crystals prepared by the seed-free solid-state crystal growth method. Due to the small size and irregular shape of the single crystal, we did not try to measure k t or k p .…”

A robust starch–polyacrylamide hydrogel with scavenging energy harvesting capacity for efficient solar thermoelectricity–freshwater cogeneration

“…[1][2][3] It is estimated that by 2025, more than two-thirds of the world's population will face severe imbalances between water requirements and supplies, especially in Asia and Africa. 4 Following the sustainable development, various green energy sources have been researched to produce electricity (piezoelectricity, [5][6][7] wind power generation, 8 hydro power, 9 photovoltaics, [10][11][12] and thermoelectricity [13][14][15][16] ) and freshwater (reverse osmosis, 17 ion exchange, 18 catalytic oxidation, [19][20][21] and solar evaporation [22][23][24][25][26] ). However, separate development inevitably causes high costs, low energy utilization efficiency and a large footprint to achieve both goals.…”

Comparison of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 Single Crystals Grown by Seed-Free and Seeded Solid-State Single Crystal Growth

“…The processing conditions, size, output ratio (defined as the% area of the top face of the sample face which was converted into single crystals), and chemical composition of the KNN single crystals grown in the present work are compared with those grown by seed-free SSCG in the literature ( Table 7 ). The KNN single crystals grown in the present work are of comparable size to those grown by seed-free SSCG [ 33 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 46 , 54 ]. The processing temperatures and times are also similar to those in previous studies of seed-free SSCG.…”

“…The KNBaN single crystals grown by seed-free SSCG in the present work grow in 011/100 orientation (with intense diffraction peaks at ~22° 2θ) or in 002/111 orientation (with intense diffraction peaks at ~32° 2θ) ( Figure 3 ). KNN single crystals grown by seed-free SSCG by other workers grew with (100) pseudocubic orientation with an intense diffraction peak at ~22° 2θ [ 39 , 40 , 42 , 52 , 53 ] or with (020) orthorhombic orientation with an intense diffraction peak at ~32° 2θ [ 33 , 40 ]. The KNBaN single crystals grown by seed-free SSCG in the present work grow in the same orientations as those grown by other workers, the differences in Miller indices being due to the different unit cells used by different authors.…”

“…The SSCG method has several advantages over conventional solution-growth techniques such as lower operating costs (due to the use of standard laboratory furnaces, obviating the need for specialised crystal growth furnaces and expensive Pt crucibles), reduced processing times, lower processing temperatures, and improved composition control [ 25 ]. KNN and KNN-based single crystals several millimetres in size have been grown by this method, the size being limited by the size and crystallographic orientation of the seed crystal [ 12 , 22 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. However, using the SSCG method to grow KNN single crystals also has some disadvantages.…”