Effects of the aeration rate on the fermentation of glucose and xylose by Pichia stipitis CBS 5773

Grootjen, D.R.J.; Lans, R. G. J. M. van der; Luyben, K. Ch. A. M.

doi:10.1016/0141-0229(90)90174-o

Cited by 74 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Recombinant S. cerevisiae expressing these three genes for xylose assimilation can grow on xylose as a sole carbon source, but its capacity for ethanol production from xylose depends upon oxygen availability. In this respect, its xylose metabolism is similar to those of native xylose-fermenting yeasts (18). Very recently, uncharacterized mutations in engineered S. cerevisiae have been shown to impart the capacity for anaerobic growth on xylose (50).…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Engineered for Xylose Metabolism Exhibits a Respiratory Response

Liu¹,

Laplaza

Jeffries

2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

154

143

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Native strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae do not assimilate xylose. S. cerevisiae engineered for D-xylose utilization through the heterologous expression of genes for aldose reductase (XYL1), xylitol dehydrogenase (XYL2), and D-xylulokinase (XYL3 or XKS1) produce only limited amounts of ethanol in xylose medium. In recombinant S. cerevisiae expressing XYL1, XYL2, and XYL3, mRNA transcript levels for glycolytic, fermentative, and pentose phosphate enzymes did not change significantly on glucose or xylose under aeration or oxygen limitation. However, expression of genes encoding the tricarboxylic acid cycle, respiration enzymes (HXK1, ADH2, COX13, NDI1, and NDE1), and regulatory proteins (HAP4 and MTH1) increased significantly when cells were cultivated on xylose, and the genes for respiration were even more elevated under oxygen limitation. These results suggest that recombinant S. cerevisiae does not recognize xylose as a fermentable carbon source and that respiratory proteins are induced in response to cytosolic redox imbalance; however, lower sugar uptake and growth rates on xylose might also induce transcripts for respiration. A petite respiration-deficient mutant (°) of the engineered strain produced more ethanol and accumulated less xylitol from xylose. It formed characteristic colonies on glucose, but it did not grow on xylose. These results are consistent with the higher respiratory activity of recombinant S. cerevisiae when growing on xylose and with its inability to grow on xylose under anaerobic conditions.

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mentioning

confidence: 75%

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Engineered for Xylose Metabolism Exhibits a Respiratory Response

Liu¹,

Laplaza

Jeffries

2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

154

143

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“…However, relative to glucose fermentation by Saccharomyces, these xylose-fermenting yeasts display lower ethanol production rates. Moreover, yeast xylose fermentations require low levels of aeration for optimal ethanol production (10,15). In an attempt to overcome these problems, researchers have cloned and expressed the genes for xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) (XYL1 and XYL2, respectively) from P. stipitis in S. cerevisiae (2,25,47,49).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Cloning of XYL3 ( d -Xylulokinase) from Pichia stipitis and Characterization of Its Physiological Function

Liu¹,

Jones

Shi

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

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XYL3, which encodes a D-xylulokinase (EC 2.7.1.17), was isolated from Pichia stipitis CBS 6054 genomic DNA by using primers designed against conserved motifs. Disruption of XYL3 eliminated D-xylulokinase activity, but D-ribulokinase activity was still present. Southern analysis of P. stipitis genomic DNA with XYL3 as a probe confirmed the disruption and did not reveal additional related genes. Disruption of XYL3 stopped ethanol production from xylose, but the resulting mutant still assimilated xylose slowly and formed xylitol and arabinitol. These results indicate that XYL3 is critical for ethanol production from xylose but that P. stipitis has another pathway for xylose assimilation. Expression of XYL3 using its P. stipitis promoter increased Saccharomyces cerevisiae D-xylulose consumption threefold and enabled the transformants to produce ethanol from a mixture of xylose and xylulose, whereas the parental strain only accumulated xylitol. In vitro, D-xylulokinase activity in recombinant S. cerevisiae was sixfold higher with a multicopy than with a single-copy XYL3 plasmid, but ethanol production decreased with increased copy number. These results confirmed the function of XYL3 in S. cerevisiae.

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“…Several investigation on the effects of aeration rate on the fermentation of glucose and xylose by P.stipitis have established that a low aeration rate is necessary for an optimal conversion of these sugars to ethanol. In detail, an ethanol production rates of 0.35 and 0.13 g g -1 h -1 were reached respectively on glucose and xylose by using oxygen uptake rates below 0.005 mol l -1 h -1 ; however because the substrate uptake rate is the rate-limiting step, a high cell concentration is needed to obtain high volumetric productivities (Grootjen et al, 1990). Unlike yeasts, bacteria fermenting xylose directly convert xylose to xylulose (Zaldivar et al, 2001) through the xylose isomerase (XI) (figure 4).…”

Section: Fermentation Of Lignocellulosic Hydrolyzates: Conversion Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest Frontiers in the Biotechnologies for Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Paola¹,

Isabella²,

Romano³

2011

Biofuel Production-Recent Developments and Prospects

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Effects of the aeration rate on the fermentation of glucose and xylose by Pichia stipitis CBS 5773

Cited by 74 publications

References 6 publications

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Engineered for Xylose Metabolism Exhibits a Respiratory Response

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Engineered for Xylose Metabolism Exhibits a Respiratory Response

Molecular Cloning of XYL3 ( d -Xylulokinase) from Pichia stipitis and Characterization of Its Physiological Function

Latest Frontiers in the Biotechnologies for Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

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