Effects of Temperature on Anoplophora chinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Adult Survival, Reproduction, and Egg Hatch

Abstract

Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) is an invasive species that can damage many tree species in orchard, urban, and forested habitats. Adult survival, reproduction, and egg hatch of A. chinensis from Italy and China are evaluated at eight constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C) under laboratory conditions. The estimated Tmax for longevity was 42 and 33 °C for females and 42 and 39 °C for males from China and Italy, respectively. The estimated Tmax, Tmin, and optimum temperature for fecundity were 35, 9, and 29 °C, respectively. Females laid eggs at 15–30 °C and eggs hatched at 15–35 °C. Days to first oviposition increased exponentially from 13 days at 30 °C to >300 days near 10 °C. The estimated Tmin for egg hatch was 13 °C, the Tmax at 38 °C, and the optimum 29 °C. Percentage hatch was estimated to be highest at 26 °C and have a Tmax of 31 °C and Tmin of 10 °C. These results indicate that summer temperatures over a wide range of latitudes should support beetle survival and reproduction, but at temperatures ≥35 °C, oviposition ceases, and adult survivorship declines. In addition, females may survive into the fall, but lay fewer eggs that may not hatch. These responses of A. chinensis to temperature can be used for developing phenological models to predict the timing of stages for management or eradication efforts.

Hybridization Potential of Two Invasive Asian Longhorn Beetles

“…For example, the elytra of ALB adults are marked with white spots in some populations but yellow in other populations in China and the original yellow type Anoplophora nobilis (Ganglbauer) was considered as a synonym ALB (white type) as cross-mating experiments between these two types yielded viable offspring and intermediate colors of the patches of setae on the elytra of the hybrid offspring adult [55]. Recent studies also showed a difference in thermal responses between A. chinensis and A. malasiaca [48,56]. Despite these differences, our results first confirm that A. malasiaca is reproductively compatible with A. chinensis (i.e., considered as one biological species).…”

“…The two CLB populations were imported in 2018 under permit from EBCL. The Italian individuals used were from the 16th, 17th, or 18th laboratory generations and the Chinese individuals were from the 6th or 7th laboratory generations [48]. Molecular analysis of the invasive Italian population indicates its origin from Japan and that it is part of what was previously called A. malasiaca prior to the revision of this genus [11,22].…”

“…Rearing methods for these beetles were similar as described for ALB, CLB or JCLB by Keena et al [48,51] at NRSQL or for ALB and JCLB by Wang et al [49,50] at BIIRU. Briefly, freshly collected maple tree (Acer spp.)…”

Recent Advances in the Monitoring, Assessment and Management of Forest Pathogens and Pests

“…The citrus long-horned beetle Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) and the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L., for example, are both invasive, destructive pests which can damage many tree species in orchard, urban, and forested habitats. Hence, information on temperature requirements of the citrus long-horned beetle, and on the key traits affecting the gypsy moth's dispersal capability, are provided in order to develop phenological models for management or eradication efforts [10,11]. Specifically, Keena et al [10] evaluated adult survival, reproduction, and the egg hatching of A. chinensis at eight constant temperatures under laboratory conditions; these can be used to predict the timing of stages.…”

“…Hence, information on temperature requirements of the citrus long-horned beetle, and on the key traits affecting the gypsy moth's dispersal capability, are provided in order to develop phenological models for management or eradication efforts [10,11]. Specifically, Keena et al [10] evaluated adult survival, reproduction, and the egg hatching of A. chinensis at eight constant temperatures under laboratory conditions; these can be used to predict the timing of stages. Srivastava [11], in addition, provided a review of the current literature on the variations in flight capability and flight distance of gypsy moth populations for each subspecies, as well as shifts in other traits of concern.…”