Effects of temperature, fungal infection and weight on intermoult duration and survival of starving earwig larvae

Coulm, Martin; Meunier, Joël

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104262

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Temperature is a critical abiotic factor and has a vast influence on various aspects of the performance of insects (Angilletta et al, 2004;Berger et al, 2012;Kingsolver and Huey, 2008). Temperature also plays a role in an insect's ability to fight off an infection (Coulm and Meunier, 2021;Linder et al, 2008;Thomas and Blanford, 2003) and impacts the interaction between the host and pathogen by influencing the growth and virulence of the pathogen (Arthurs and Thomas, 2001;Catalán et al, 2012). Studies have shown that warmer temperatures are likely to increase insect's immunity response by causing an increase in immune parameters such as PO and lysozyme-like enzymes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High larval densities and high temperatures lead to a stronger immune response in the black soldier fly

Opare

Meister

Holm

et al. 2023

JIFF

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Organisms are expected to invest more in their immune function when the risk of disease infection is high. However, induction of a robust immune response is costly and may not be achievable in suboptimal environments. High conspecific density could simultaneously imply high infection risk and a suboptimal environment for many insect species. We focus on the economically important dipteran species (black soldier fly, BSF) that represents the insect order that has been ignored in previous research on density effects on immunity. The experimental part of the study was carried out to evaluate the effect of larval density (three density treatments: 1, 5 and 10 larvae/cm2) and temperature (three thermal treatments: 23, 27 and 30 °C) on the immune function of BSF larvae. The larvae that were reared at high compared to low larval densities and at higher than lower temperatures had significantly higher activity of phenoloxidase, an enzyme that plays an essential role in insect immune function. Sex did not have a significant effect on phenoloxidase activity and prepupal mass, pupal mass and adult mass were not affected by the levels of phenoloxidase activity of fifth instar larvae. In addition, we give an overview of larval density effects on insect immunity and show that density-dependent prophylaxis (stronger immune response in high larval density environments) is indeed common in the results of published case studies. However, cases with no correlation between density and immunity traits were as frequent. Moreover, in more than half of the studies, qualitatively different within-species patterns in different immunity traits were observed. We conclude that BSF larvae exhibit density-dependent prophylaxis, and larvae invest more into their immune system at high larval densities and temperatures than they do at low larval densities and temperatures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High larval densities and high temperatures lead to a stronger immune response in the black soldier fly

Opare

Meister

Holm

et al. 2023

JIFF

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“…Pathogenic examination is often used to clarify the characteristics and drug resistance of secondary fungal infection in immune-related lung diseases. However, the error of this method is large, and there may be false positives, which requires more reliable diagnostic methods [ 5 , 6 ]. Studies have shown that the ideal marker detection can judge the ability of fungal infection and distinguish the relationship between fungal infection and other infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Value of sTREM-1, PCT, and 1,3-β-D Glucan in Diagnosis of Immune-Associated Pulmonary Interstitial Disease with Fungal Infection

Yan

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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Background. Fungal infection in the lungs can cause fungal infectious diseases. This disease develops rapidly and involves a wide range. Pathogenic fungi are also more serious types of pathogenic bacteria. If it invades deep organs and tissues, it will endanger life, so it needs timely diagnosis. Aim. To investigate the diagnostic value of serum soluble myeloid cell triggering receptor-1 (sTREM-1), procalcitonin (PCT), and 1,3-β-D glucan detection in immune related lung disease complicated with fungal infection. Methods. In this study, a case-control study was conducted. 50 patients with immune-related pulmonary disease complicated with fungal infection (infection group) diagnosed by sputum culture in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were selected as the control group, and 50 patients with immune-related pulmonary disease without fungal infection were selected as the control group. The levels of sTREM-1, PCT, and 1,3-β-D glucan were compared in the two groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to analyze the value of the three indicators in the diagnosis of immune-related pulmonary disease complicated with fungal infection, and the changes of the three indicators before and after treatment were compared. Results. The levels of sTREM-1, PCT, and 1,3-β-D glucan in the infection group were higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The levels of sTREM-1, PCT, and 1,3-β-D glucan in the infection group after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment ( P < 0.05 ). The AUC value of sTREM-1 in the diagnosis of immune-related pulmonary diseases complicated with fungal infection was 0.980, the sensitivity was 97.11%, and the specificity was 83.06%. The AUC value of PCT in the diagnosis of immune-related pulmonary diseases complicated with fungal infection was 0.860, the sensitivity was 80.00%, and the specificity was 72.41%. The AUC value of 1,3-β-D glucan in the diagnosis of immune-related pulmonary diseases complicated with fungal infection was 0.993, the sensitivity was 98.74%, and the specificity was 99.16%. The levels of sTREM-1, PCT, and 1,3-β-D glucan in the infection group after treatment were considerably lower than those before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The detection of sTREM-1, PCT, and 1,3-β-D glucan levels has high clinical value for the diagnosis of immune-related pulmonary diseases complicated with fungal infection.

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“…Although earwigs can be beneficial in certain systems since they feed on other arthropods, they are a problem in soft-fruited systems like peach since they burrow into the soft crop (Orpet et al 2019). While some work has assessed earwig management, a more thorough investigation which accounts for earwig development rate (Coulm and Meunier 2021), localized migration from the orchard floor into the canopy, and the orchard-wide dispersal rate of the entire population is necessary. In our system, we noticed that earwigs did not damage fruits until they began to ripen (D. Alston, personal observation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic orchard floor management in peach: effects on arthropods and associated fruit injury in the Intermountain West

Freundlich,

Schaeffer,

Tebeau

et al. 2023

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Understanding orchard floor management is critical to organic tree-fruit production systems given its impact on weeds, soil fertility, tree health, and crop yield. Several viable options are available to producers for weed management and promotion of organic fertility, including use of turf and broadleaf alleyway covers and living and nonliving tree-row mulches. While these measures can be effective, little is known about how these strategies influence arthropod pests, which cause fruit injury. Here, we assessed 6 organic orchard floor management strategies for their impact on arthropod abundance and diversity in an organic peach production system in northern Utah from 2010 to 2014, using sweep netting and pitfall collections along with observed peach fruit damage. Generally, we found that alleyway and tree-row treatments had no impact on total arthropod diversity, species richness, or community diversity. However, earwig (Forficula auricularia) abundance was significantly impacted by alleyway and tree-row treatments that resulted in increased fruit injury. Trefoil alleyway treatments consistently increased earwig abundance across life-history stages, while mulch or Alyssum (straw) tree-row treatments harbored more earwigs and, as a result, increased earwig fruit injury. Since earwigs are especially prone to damaging young, developing fruits, it is imperative that more work is done to assess earwig abundances and life-history traits. Our results demonstrate that detrimental arthropods are sensitive to orchard floor management and can further inform integrated pest management approaches that complement sustainability goals.

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Effects of temperature, fungal infection and weight on intermoult duration and survival of starving earwig larvae

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

High larval densities and high temperatures lead to a stronger immune response in the black soldier fly

High larval densities and high temperatures lead to a stronger immune response in the black soldier fly

Clinical Value of sTREM-1, PCT, and 1,3-β-D Glucan in Diagnosis of Immune-Associated Pulmonary Interstitial Disease with Fungal Infection

Organic orchard floor management in peach: effects on arthropods and associated fruit injury in the Intermountain West

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