Effects of temperature and current density on zinc electrodeposition from acidic sulfate electrolyte with [BMIM]HSO4 as additive

Zhang, Qibo; Hua, Yaxin; Dong, Tie Guang; Zhou, Dan

doi:10.1007/s10800-009-9786-5

Cited by 51 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It has been found 2 that the gain refinement of zinc deposit is obtained with increasing current density. However there is an optimum current density value for the zinc electrodeposition 2,3 . The increase in current density increases the nucleation rate of the deposit, which results in a higher current efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Glycerol Effect on the Corrosion Resistance and Electrodeposition Conditions in a Zinc Electroplating Process

et al. 2019

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Zinc electrodeposition is an economical process of Zn coating compared to conventional galvanic process. The galvanizing process is used in various industrial sectors to protect ferrous alloys during the corrosion process. In buildings, the galvanizing process is widely used to coat mortar protective screens. The electrodeposition of zinc has a relatively low cost compared to other coating materials for the same purpose; however, its corrosion resistance is lower than that of most protective deposits. This study evaluated the effect of adding glycerol to the electrodeposition bath on the corrosion resistance, deposition efficiency, morphology and microstructure of the zinc electrodeposit in concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 0.82 M. The electrodeposition was performed on carbon steel AISI 1020 with a current density of 10 mA.cm-2. The electroplating solution composition was 0.10 M ZnCl 2 , 2.80 M KCl and 0.32 M H 3 BO 3. Electrodeposition time was 17.56 min, 5 µm thick coating, equivalent to the mass of 7.166E-3 g of zinc on the steel surface. Evaluation of the corrosion resistance was performed by means of the electrochemical tests of Anodic Voltammetry, Potentiodynamic Polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) as well as Weight Loss tests in NaCl 0.5 M in 4 (four) different period of immersion. The morphology and microstructures of electrodeposited were analyzed using the techniques of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Spectrometry X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The presence of glycerol in the electrodeposition bath decreased the deposition efficiency; however, it increased corrosion resistance and promoted the formation of more compact and refined electrodeposited coatings. Moreover, the results showed that the corrosion rate does not vary linearly with the addition of glycerol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Glycerol Effect on the Corrosion Resistance and Electrodeposition Conditions in a Zinc Electroplating Process

et al. 2019

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“…Among the large number of papers, some are of special interest because they illustrate general trends: pulse plating is studied in order to generate nanocrystalline zinc deposits [260][261][262][263]; organic additives are studied in order to control the morphology and the properties of the deposits, eventually in combination with pulse plating [264][265][266][267][268][269][270][271][272][273][274][275]; texture and surface morphology of zinc and zinc alloys deposited on low carbon steel substrate were further investigated [276][277][278]. [196].…”

Section: Recent Research Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of Zinc and Zinc Alloys

Winand¹

2010

Modern Electroplating

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Zinc has a standard reversible potential [À0.76 V/standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)] that is more negative than that of iron (Fe/Fe 2 þ -0.44V/SHE). For this reason zinc is used for sacrificial cathodic protection of steel against corrosion.According to Fischer [1], in metal electrodeposition, zinc can be considered as an intermediate metal, giving rise to medium values of overpotentials due to secondary inhibition resulting from adsorbed hydrolized species.In acid sulfate solutions without an organic additive, BR metallographic cross-sectional structures are obtained (BR: basis reproduction; coherent deposits with coarse crystals whose diameter increases with the deposit thickness; see Fig. 10.1). In chloride electrolytes, even coarser grains are observed, because of the more activating character of chloride ions against sulfate ions [2] and despite the complex formation in solution [3, p. 464]. In cyanide baths, on the other hand, much finer grains are obtained, and the deposits pertain to the FT (field-oriented texture: coherent deposits, with elongated crystals perpendicular to the substrate, with almost constant diameter throughout the deposit thickness) or UD types (UD: unoriented dispersion type; coherent deposit, with small crystals showing three-dimensional nucleation to occur all the time during electrodeposition). Figure 10.2 shows a deposit obtained in a cyanide solution without an organic additive: the structure is initially FT, but it becomes progressively bad. Going from a cyanide bath to a noncyanide alkaline bath should result in still worse deposits because electrolyte complexation decreases [3] and exchange current density increases [4, pp. 528-543].Accordingly, when rather thick deposits are needed and/or if a bright surface is required, organic additives are always present at high concentration (1 g L À1 or more). This always occurs in barrel-and-rack plating of small pieces of equipment, because the local current densities will vary over a wide range. For continuous plating on steel sheets or wires, constant current density and rather good hydrodynamic control may be achieved over the whole cathodic surface, and organic additives are not so much in use.Whatever the pH, zinc is always more negative than hydrogen [5]. In electrolytes where zinc is complexed, its standard reversible potential is still more negative; for instance, for cyanide baths, the reversible potential for reactionin alkaline solution is À1.26 V/SHE [6]. Consequently hydrogen evolution occurs at the cathode as a competitor to zinc deposition, resulting in a decrease of current efficiency and eventually in some atomic hydrogen diffusion into the substrate.Finally, in industrial processes electrolytic plating is an alternative to hot-dip galvanizing. Both processes have advantages and disadvantages. Continual technological improvements make it difficult to conclude in favor of one process over the other. However, hot dip always includes some surface alloying by diffusion, and the deposit thickness is less easily controlled th...

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“…Some of the most important prosperities of ILs are their thermal stability and avirulence, which make them potential additives for metal electrodeposition and green inhibitors for metal anti-corrosion. In our previous studies, alkylimidazolium, alkylpyridinium and quaternary ammonium-based ionic liquids were observed to be an excellent levelling agent in zinc [18][19][20][21][22] and copper [23][24][25] electrodeposition and showed favourable corrosion resistant on metals such as aluminium [26], copper [27] and mild steel [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids as Electrodeposition Additives and Corrosion Inhibitors

Zhang¹,

Ye²

2017

Progress and Developments in Ionic Liquids

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Ionic liquids (ILs) are molten salts with a melting point of 100°C or below and solely consist of cations and anions. As a kind of novel green solvent, ILs have been obtained broad and deep investigations, and enormous progresses in various ields have been made during the recent 20 years. Despite the fact that the application studies of ILs have been proposed in various ields, no processes have yet been developed to an industrial scale. However, the main interests are still focused on their industrial applications. In this chapter, two perspective applications of ILs in electrochemical ields including additives for metal electrodeposition and inhibitors for metal anti-corrosion were introduced.

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Effects of temperature and current density on zinc electrodeposition from acidic sulfate electrolyte with [BMIM]HSO4 as additive

Cited by 51 publications

References 36 publications

Glycerol Effect on the Corrosion Resistance and Electrodeposition Conditions in a Zinc Electroplating Process

Glycerol Effect on the Corrosion Resistance and Electrodeposition Conditions in a Zinc Electroplating Process

Electrodeposition of Zinc and Zinc Alloys

Ionic Liquids as Electrodeposition Additives and Corrosion Inhibitors

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