Effects of temperature and chemical addition on the formation of bromoorganic DBPs during ozonation

Zhang, Xiangru; Echigo, Shinya; Hua, Lei; Smith, Michael E.; Minear, Roger A.; Talley, Jeffrey W.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2004.10.007

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Rodriguez and Serodes [91] showed that thrialomethanes (THM) concentrations vary from 1.5 to 2 times, depending on the utility, between drinking water plant and tap. In the same way, others authors reported that increasing temperature (10-33 °C) generally increased the formation of bromoorganic DBPs [92].…”

Section: Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 61%

Impact of climate change on waterborne diseases

Funari

Manganelli

Sinisi

2012

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanità

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Abstract. Change in climate and water cycle will challenge water availability but it will also increase the exposure to unsafe water. Floods, droughts, heavy storms, changes in rain pattern, increase of temperature and sea level, they all show an increasing trend worldwide and will affect biological, physical and chemical components of water through different paths thus enhancing the risk of waterborne diseases. This paper is intended, through reviewing the available literature, to highlight environmental changes and critical situations caused by floods, drought and warmer temperature that will lead to an increase of exposure to water related pathogens, chemical hazards and cyanotoxins. The final aim is provide knowledge-based elements for more focused adaptation measures.Key words: climate change, waterborne diseases, microbial pathogens, chemical contaminants, toxic cyanobacteria.Riassunto (Effetto dei cambiamenti climatici sulle malattie trasmesse dall'acqua). I cambiamenti climatici e del ciclo idrologico metteranno a rischio la disponibilità d'acqua e aumenteranno l'esposizione ad acqua contaminata. Le alluvioni, le siccità, le grandi tempeste, le variazioni nella frequenza ed intensità delle piogge, il riscaldamento e l'aumento del livello del mare crescono in ogni parte del mondo e influenzeranno le caratteristiche biologiche e chimico-fisiche dell'acqua attraverso diversi meccanismi, con il conseguente aumento del rischio di malattie trasmesse dall'acqua. L'analisi della letteratura disponibile, presentata in questo articolo, evidenzia i cambiamenti ambientali e le situazioni critiche causate da alluvioni, siccità e crescente riscaldamento che causeranno un aumento di esposizione a patogeni, inquinanti chimici e cianotossine, legati all'acqua. Lo scopo è di fornire gli elementi scientifici di base per misure di adattamento mirate.Parole chiave: cambiamenti climatici, malattie trasmesse dall'acqua, microrganismi patogeni, contaminanti chimici, cianobatteri tossici.

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Section: Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 61%

Impact of climate change on waterborne diseases

Funari

Manganelli

Sinisi

2012

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanità

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“…CHBr 2 Cl and CHBr 3 concentrations increased after ozonation. CHBr 3 has been demonstrated to form at low concentrations (<5 µg/L) during ozonation due to reactions with HOBr/OBr (Zhang et al, 2005). The increase in these brominated species could have been promoted by the marginal increase in bromide concentration as shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Effect Of Ozone On Thm Formation and Speciationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Ozonation on Trihalomethane and Haloacetic Acid Formation and Speciation in a Full-Scale Distribution System

Wert

Rosario‐Ortiz

2011

Ozone: Science & Engineering

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Disinfection by-product (DBP) formation was evaluated before and after ozone implementation at two full-scale drinking water facilities in Las Vegas, NV USA. The two treatment plants used preozonation for primary disinfection followed by direct filtration with subsequent chlorination for secondary disinfection. DBP data was evaluated from the finished water of the two treatment plants along with six locations in the distribution system. Results showed that preozonation reduced the formation of total trihalomethanes (TTHM) by up to 10 µg/L and the sum of five haloacetic acids (HAA5) by up to 5 µg/L. These reductions were primarily due to decreases in the diand trichlorinated DBPs such as chloroform, bromodichloromethane, and trichloroacetic acid. Ozonation appeared to shift the speciation of TTHMs and HAA5 to favor increased formation of the di-and tribrominated species such as bromoform, chlorodibromomethane, and dibromoacteic acid. A bromide mass balance showed that <30% of the raw water bromide was accounted for by the formation of TTHMs (8-21%), HAAs (2-3%) and bromate (5%). Reducing the concentration of THMs and HAAs is often not the primary purpose of ozonation, but it can assist utilities in meeting regulatory requirements during drinking water treatment.

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“…However, application of this technique is reducing because of the formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products like trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids and organo-chlorine compounds in water [4][5][6]. Other disinfection processes like UV irradiation, ozonation and gamma irradiation are expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%