Effects of temperature alteration on viscosity, polymerization, and in-vivo arterial distribution of N-butyl cyanoacrylate-iodized oil mixtures

Abstract

Purpose Temperature alteration can modify the polymerization of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA)-iodized oil mixtures during vascular embolization; its effects on viscosity, polymerization time, and intra-arterial distribution of the NBCA-iodized oil mixture were investigated. Materials and methods In vitro, the viscosities of NBCA, iodized oil, and NBCA-iodized oil mixtures (ratio, 1:1–8) were measured at 4–60 ºC using a rotational rheometer. The polymerization times (from contact with blood plasma to stasis) were recorded at 0–60 ºC using a high-speed video camera. In vivo, the 1:2 mixture was injected into rabbit renal arteries at 0, 20, and 60 ºC; intra-arterial distribution of the mixture was pathologically evaluated. Results The mixtures’ viscosities decreased as temperature increased; those at 60 ºC were almost four to five times lower than those at 4 ºC. The polymerization time of NBCA and the 1:1–4 mixtures increased as temperature decreased in the 0–30 ºC range; the degree of time prolongation increased as the percentage of iodized oil decreased. The 0 ºC group demonstrated distributions of the mixture within more peripheral arterial branches than the 20 and 60 ºC groups. Conclusion Warming reduces the mixture’s viscosity; cooling prolongs polymerization. Both can be potential factors to improve the handling of NBCA-iodized oil mixtures for lesions requiring peripheral delivery. Secondary abstract Temperature alteration influences the polymerization time, viscosity, and intra-arterial distribution of NBCA-iodized oil mixtures. Warming reduces the viscosity of the mixture, while cooling prolongs polymerization.

Polymerisation of cyanoacrylates: The effect of sclero-embolic and contrast agents

“…27 It has been shown that with a reduction in temperature, cyanoacrylate viscosity increases, and this may also alter polymerisation rates. 28 To standardise our measurements across all samples and for the duration of the testing period, the samples were therefore incubated at 37°C. This was done to ensure that the samples were not exposed to the ambient temperature of the lab, but rather 37°C consistent with the expected temperatures in vivo and that all samples were subjected to the same corresponding increase in temperature that would be expected to occur in vivo.…”