Effects of tebufenozide on the assemblage of moths (Lepidoptera) in an operational spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) suppression programme

Westwood, Richard; Saunders, D.G.; Westwood, Alana R.; Holliday, N. J.

doi:10.4039/tce.2019.40

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Different studies have shown different impacts of insecticide treatments on caterpillar communities, with some reporting negative impacts and others reporting positive impacts. For example, Westwood et al (2019), who sampled the Lepidoptera community following a tebufenozide treatment against spruce budworm, showed a reduction in abundance of some species. However, this study was conducted in high-density spruce budworm populations subjected to higher application rates (i.e., 70 g active ingredient in 20 L/ha).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nontarget impacts of insecticide-based population control of eastern spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on nontarget caterpillar communities and parasitism

Glaus

Nisole²,

Edwards³

et al. 2023

Can Entomol

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Narrow-spectrum insecticides are currently used to control populations of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in eastern Canada. However, these could have nontarget impacts on other caterpillars – some of which may serve as alternative or alternate hosts to key parasitoids – that are also susceptible to control tactics. This study was conducted to determine how the insecticides, Bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki (Btk) and tebufenozide, used to control spruce budworm populations, impact caterpillar communities and associated parasitism rates. Post-treatment field sampling of caterpillars was conducted in 2018 and 2019 in New Brunswick, Canada, at sites treated with either Btk or tebufenozide and at control sites. Caterpillar species richness and abundance, community structure, and parasitism rates were assessed using molecular analyses for 659 collected caterpillars. We found that insecticide applications had no significant impact on abundance, species richness, or parasitism rate relative to the measurements made in the control sites. Nonetheless, a significantly higher caterpillar abundance and lower parasitism rate occurred in Btk-treated sites than in tebufenozide-treated sites. Overall, however, Btk and tebufenozide treatments did not negatively affect the non-budworm caterpillar community under the present conditions of low caterpillar densities, suggesting that parasitoids have alternative and alternate hosts after treatments that target the spruce budworm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nontarget impacts of insecticide-based population control of eastern spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on nontarget caterpillar communities and parasitism

Glaus

Nisole²,

Edwards³

et al. 2023

Can Entomol

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“…The vertical distribution of flight in insects usually ranges between 0.2 and 3.8 m above ground [112]. Light traps used to attract budworms are either deployed in the upper canopy of host trees > 5 m high [113,114] or (as in this study) on low branches 2.5 m above ground [2,105,115]. Oftentimes, the vertical position of traps is not reported [101][102][103][104], and no direct comparison of budworm abundance in relation to the height of LTs is available.…”

Section: Position Of Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Trapping Lepidopteran Pests with Light Traps, with Focus on Tortricid Forest Pests: What If?

Rhainds

2024

Insects

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The management of Lepidopteran pests with light traps (LTs) is often achieved by luring adults to death at light sources (light trap-based mass trapping, or LTmt). Large-scale LTmt programs against agricultural pests initiated in the late 1920s in the United States were phased out in the 1970s, coinciding with the rise of pheromone-based management research. The interest in LTmt has surged in recent years with the advent of light emitting diodes, solar power sources, and intelligent design. The first step in implementing LTmt is to identify a trapping design that maximizes the capture of target pests and minimizes the capture of non-target beneficial insects—with a cautionary note that high captures in LTs are not equivalent to the feasibility of mass trapping: the ultimate objective of LTmt is to protect crop plants from pest damage, not to trap adults. The captures of egg-carrying females in light traps have a greater impact on the efficiency of LTmt than the captures of males. When LTmt is defined as a harvesting procedure, the biomass of females in LTs may be viewed as the best estimator of the mass trapping yield; biomass proxy has universal application in LTmt as every living organism can be defined on a per weight basis. While research has largely focused on agricultural pests, an attempt is made here to conceptualize LTmt as a pest management strategy in forest ecosystems, using spruce budworm as a case study. The mass trapping of female budworms is impossible to achieve in endemic populations due to the large spatial scale of forest landscapes (implying the deployment of a prohibitively large number of LTs); in addition, ovipositing female budworms do not respond to light sources at a low density of conspecifics. The light-based mass trapping of female budworms may provide a realistic management option for geographically isolated forest stands heavily infested with budworms, as a tool to prevent tree mortality. Somehow unexpectedly, however, one factor obscuring the feasibility of LTmt is as follows: the complex (‘unknowable’) economic valuation of forest stands as opposed to agricultural landscapes.

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“…Despite the elevated risks of lethal and sublethal exposure associated with its longer persistence (Sundaram et al, 1996), there is a lack of comprehensive exploration of its effects on non‐target Lepidoptera. Tebufenozide toxicity records for non‐pest species are scarce, and only three impact assessment studies have been published in the scientific literature thus far (Butler, Kondo, & Blue, 1997; Leroy et al, 2019; Westwood et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trait‐mediated responses of caterpillar communities to spongy moth outbreaks and subsequent tebufenozide treatments

Leroy,

Rabl,

Püls

et al. 2023

Ecological Applications

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Outbreaks of the spongy moth Lymantria dispar can have devastating impacts on forest resources and ecosystems. Lepidoptera‐specific insecticides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (BTK) and tebufenozide, are often deployed to prevent heavy defoliation of the forest canopy. While it has been suggested that using BTK poses less risk to non‐target Lepidoptera than leaving an outbreak untreated, in situ testing of this assumption has been impeded by methodological challenges. The trade‐offs between insecticide use and outbreaks have yet to be addressed for tebufenozide, which is believed to have stronger side effects than BTK. We investigated the short‐term trade‐offs between tebufenozide treatments and no‐action strategies for the non‐target herbivore community in forest canopies. Over 3 years, Lepidoptera and Symphyta larvae were sampled by canopy fogging in 48 oak stands in southeast Germany during and after a spongy moth outbreak. Half of the sites were treated with tebufenozide and changes in canopy cover were monitored. We contrasted the impacts of tebufenozide and defoliator outbreaks on the abundance, diversity, and functional structure of chewing herbivore communities. Tebufenozide treatments strongly reduced Lepidoptera up to 6 weeks after spraying. Populations gradually converged back to control levels after 2 years. Shelter‐building species dominated caterpillar assemblages in treated plots in the post‐spray weeks, while flight‐dimorphic species were slow to recover and remained underrepresented in treated stands 2 years post‐treatment. Spongy moth outbreaks had minor effects on leaf chewer communities. Summer Lepidoptera decreased only when severe defoliation occurred, whereas Symphyta declined 1 year after defoliation. Polyphagous species with only partial host plant overlap with the spongy moth were absent from heavily defoliated sites, suggesting greater sensitivity of generalists to defoliation‐induced plant responses. These results demonstrate that both tebufenozide treatments and spongy moth outbreaks alter canopy herbivore communities. Tebufenozide had a stronger and longer lasting impact, but it was restricted to Lepidoptera, whereas the outbreak affected both Lepidoptera and Symphyta. These results are tied to the fact that only half of the outbreak sites experienced severe defoliation. This highlights the limited accuracy of current defoliation forecast methods, which are used as the basis for the decision to spray insecticides.

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Effects of tebufenozide on the assemblage of moths (Lepidoptera) in an operational spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) suppression programme

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

Nontarget impacts of insecticide-based population control of eastern spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on nontarget caterpillar communities and parasitism

Nontarget impacts of insecticide-based population control of eastern spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on nontarget caterpillar communities and parasitism

Mass Trapping Lepidopteran Pests with Light Traps, with Focus on Tortricid Forest Pests: What If?

Trait‐mediated responses of caterpillar communities to spongy moth outbreaks and subsequent tebufenozide treatments

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