Effects of Targeted Grazing and Prescribed Burning on Community and Seed Dynamics of a Downy Brome (<i>Bromus tectorum</i>)–Dominated Landscape

Diamond, Joel M.; Call, Christopher A.; Devoe, Nora

doi:10.1614/ipsm-d-10-00065.1

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Control methods that reduce the downy brome seedbank are also necessary with some success shown by fire and heavy grazing (Diamond et al 2012;Hassan and West 1986;Hempy-Mayer and Pyke 2008;Humphrey and Schupp 2001;Klemmedson and Smith 1964) or even herbicide (Brisben et al 2013;Rinella et al 2013). One study suggests 330 downy brome seeds m 22 as a threshold.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imazapic Effects on Competition Dynamics Between Native Perennial Grasses and Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum)

Burnett

Mealor

2015

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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Downy brome inhibits revegetation efforts following ecosystem disturbance. Imazapic is a commonly used herbicide for downy brome management, but more information is needed regarding effective application timing for restoration efforts. We wished to determine (1) if native species establishment exhibited a tradeoff between downy brome competition and injury from herbicide and (2) if this differed between pre- and postemergent applications of imazapic. We used a standard replacement series design and overlaid herbicide treatments. Nine weeks after planting, aboveground biomass was harvested and relative yield (RY) indices calculated. Both imazapic applications reduced downy brome biomass by 91% or more (P < 0.05). Imazapic caused drastic reductions in native biomass but less than what was caused by downy brome competition (P < 0.05). Natives were less injured by a pre- than postemergent application (P < 0.05). In situations where downy brome may impact restoration efforts, pre-emergent applications of imazapic at 70 g ai ha−1 (0.06 lb ai ac−1) may reduce downy brome with less negative impacts on newly-seeded native grasses than post-emergent applications. Ensuring sufficient proportions of native species seeds on restoration sites may reduce downy brome.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imazapic Effects on Competition Dynamics Between Native Perennial Grasses and Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum)

Burnett

Mealor

2015

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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“…For example, in the Great Basin, introduced grassland is primarily cheatgrass which has aboveground carbon typically below 1000 kgC/ha (Bradley et al 2006, Diamond et al 2012, Kessler et al 2015. Our excluded category included primarily agriculture, introduced grass, development, and water.…”

Section: Carbon In Other Land Coversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accounting for aboveground carbon storage in shrubland and woodland ecosystems in the Great Basin

Fusco

Rau²,

Falkowski

et al. 2019

Ecosphere

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Improving the accuracy of carbon accounting in terrestrial ecosystems is critical for understanding carbon fluxes associated with land cover change, with significant implications for global carbon cycling and climate change. Semi-arid ecosystems account for an estimated 45% of global terrestrial ecosystem area and are in many locations experiencing high degrees of degradation. However, aboveground carbon accounting has largely focused on tropical and forested ecosystems, while drylands have been relatively neglected. Here, we used a combination of field estimates, remotely sensed data, and existing land cover maps to create a spatially explicit estimate of aboveground carbon storage within the Great Basin, a semi-arid region of the western United States encompassing 643,500 km 2 of shrubland and woodland vegetation. We classified the region into seven distinct land cover categories: pinyon-juniper woodland, sagebrush steppe, salt desert shrub, low sagebrush, forest, non-forest, and other/excluded, each with an associated carbon estimate. Aboveground carbon estimates for pinyon-juniper woodland were continuous values based on tree canopy cover. Carbon estimates for other land cover categories were based on a mean value for the land cover type. The Great Basin ecosystems contain an estimated 295.4 Tg in aboveground carbon, which is almost double the previous estimates that only accounted for forested ecosystems in the same area. Aboveground carbon was disproportionately stored in pinyon-juniper woodland (43.7% carbon, 16.9% land area), while the shrubland systems accounted for roughly half of the total land area (49.1%) and one-third of the total carbon. Our results emphasize the importance of distinguishing and accounting for the distinctive contributions of shrubland and woodland ecosystems when creating carbon storage estimates for dryland regions.

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“…This simulation software is based on Rothermel's mathematical model of wildfire spread [34] and has been widely used to characterize potential fire behavior (e.g., [35,36]). BehavePlus 5.0.5 was used in this study to assess an envelope of possible fire behaviors rather than as a precise predictor of fire characteristics.…”

Section: Fire Behavior Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pine Plantations and Invasion Alter Fuel Structure and Potential Fire Behavior in a Patagonian Forest-Steppe Ecotone

Paritsis

Landesmann

Kitzberger

et al. 2018

Forests

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Abstract:Planted and invading non-native plant species can alter fire regimes through changes in fuel loads and in the structure and continuity of fuels, potentially modifying the flammability of native plant communities. Such changes are not easily predicted and deserve system-specific studies. In several regions of the southern hemisphere, exotic pines have been extensively planted in native treeless areas for forestry purposes and have subsequently invaded the native environments. However, studies evaluating alterations in flammability caused by pines in Patagonia are scarce. In the forest-steppe ecotone of northwestern Patagonia, we evaluated fine fuels structure and simulated fire behavior in the native shrubby steppe, pine plantations, pine invasions, and mechanically removed invasions to establish the relative ecological vulnerability of these forestry and invasion scenarios to fire. We found that pine plantations and their subsequent invasion in the Patagonian shrubby steppe produced sharp changes in fine fuel amount and its vertical and horizontal continuity. These changes in fuel properties have the potential to affect fire behavior, increasing fire intensity by almost 30 times. Pruning of basal branches in plantations may substantially reduce fire hazard by lowering the probability of fire crowning, and mechanical removal of invasion seems effective in restoring original fuel structure in the native community. The current expansion of pine plantations and subsequent invasions acting synergistically with climate warming and increased human ignitions warrant a highly vulnerable landscape in the near future for northwestern Patagonia if no management actions are undertaken.

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Effects of Targeted Grazing and Prescribed Burning on Community and Seed Dynamics of a Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum)–Dominated Landscape

Cited by 53 publications

References 33 publications

Imazapic Effects on Competition Dynamics Between Native Perennial Grasses and Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum)

Imazapic Effects on Competition Dynamics Between Native Perennial Grasses and Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum)

Accounting for aboveground carbon storage in shrubland and woodland ecosystems in the Great Basin

Pine Plantations and Invasion Alter Fuel Structure and Potential Fire Behavior in a Patagonian Forest-Steppe Ecotone

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