Effects of tannins and saponins contained in foliage of Gliricidia sepium and pods of Enterolobium cyclocarpum on fermentation, methane emissions and rumen microbial population in crossbred heifers

Abstract

Effects of tannins and saponins contained in foliage of Gliricidia sepium and pods of Enterolobium cyclocarpum on fermentation, methane emissions and rumen microbial population in crossbred heifers.The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) believes that open access contributes to its mission of reducing hunger and poverty, and improving human nutrition in the tropics through research aimed at increasing the eco-efficiency of agriculture.CIAT is committed to creating and sharing knowledge and information openly and globally. We do this through collaborative research as well as through the open sharing of our data, tools, and publications. Effects of tannins and saponins contained in foliage of Gliricidia sepium and pods of Enterolobium cyclocarpum on fermentation, methane emissions and rumen microbial population in crossbred heifers, Animal Feed Science and Technology (2019), https://doi. AbstractIncorporation of foliage and pods of tropical legumes in ruminant rations is an alternative to mitigate enteric methane emissions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of adding increasing levels of ground pods of Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb. mixed with foliage of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. on emissions of ruminal methane (CH4), volatile fatty acid proportions, rumen pH and microbial population in cattle. Four heifers (218 ±18 kg LW) were fed (13 days) 0, 15, 30, and 45% of pods of E. cyclocarpum mixed with foliage of G. sepium, which were supplemented to a basal ration of Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. Data were analyzed as a 4×4 Latin square. After three days of CH4 measurements in open-circuit respiration chambers, rumen fluid was collected to determine volatile fatty acid (VFA) molar proportions and quantify the microbial population. Samples of ration ingredients, refusals and feces were collected to evaluate nutrient composition. Foliage and pods of legumes provided crude protein (CP), condensed tannins (CT) and saponins, while grass was characterized by higher concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Dry matter intake (DMI) was 5.35 kg/day on average (P=0.272). Apparent fiber digestibility was reduced (81 g/kg) and digestible CP intake (13 g/kg) increased when E. cyclocarpum mixed with G. sepium in rations were given (P<0.05). Incorporation of legume foliage and pods had a linear effect on molar proportions of butyric acid and acetic to propionic acid ratio (P<0.05). Methane production, expressed on basis to digestible dry matter intake (DDMI), ranged between 43.22 and 49.94 g/kg DDMI (P=0.131) and when CH4 was related to digestible CP (347 vs. 413 g CH4 /kg DCP) or annual weight gains (0.30 vs. 0.38 kg CH4/kg weight gain, P<0.001) there were differences between the E. cyclocarpum mixed with G. sepium rations compared to the control treatment, respectively.Rumen population of total bacteria, methanogenic archaea, and total protozoa was not affected by the increasing levels of condensed tannins and saponins in rations (P>0.05).Substitut...

Strategies for Sustainable Use of Indigenous Cattle Genetic Resources in Southern Africa

“…In that context, selection of high-performing indigenous breeds [67] combined with use of bioactive-rich PBP may improve their biological and economic efficiencies, and consequently lower greenhouse emissions. Bioactive-rich PBP are capable of manipulating microbial ecosystems and fermentation kinetics of ruminants [68,69]. This subsequently improves rumen fermentation, reduces loss of feed energy, and enhances animal health and production, shelf-life, and fatty profile of beef [62,70].…”

Effects of Supplementing Gliricidia Sepium on Ration based Ammoniated Rice Straw in Ruminant Feed to Decrease Methane Gas Production and to Improve Nutrient Digestibility (In-Vitro)

“…The binding strength of tannin-protein interactions determine the responses of tannin on protein digestibility in the digestive tract [9]. Tannin from Gliricidia sepium can slow down the rate of protein degrading because of tannin-protein bond [10].…”

“…Gliricidia sepium in ration have a role in reducing methan gas because it contains condensed tannin and saponin that modify the numbers of rumen microbes such as archaea, protozoa, and fibrolytic bacteria affecting fermentative processes and methane gas production [10]. Tannin has shown to lower protozoal numbers; it means decreasing protozoal-associated methanogenesis.…”

Review: Strategies for enteric methane mitigation in cattle fed tropical forages

“…This agrees with data reported by Harrison et al (2015) who also found a reduction in enteric methane emissions, although nitrous oxide emissions increased in cattle fed Leucaena leucocephala in Australia. In a set of experiments involving the incorporation of foliages such as Leucaena leucocephala or Gliricidia sepium (Molina-Botero et al, 2019a;Montoya-Flores et al, 2020) or ground pods of Enterolobium cyclocarpum or Samanea saman (Lazos- Balbuena, 2015;Valencia Salazar et al, 2018), a reduction in enteric methane yield of different magnitudes was recorded in cattle housed in respiration chambers ( Table 2). Pods of tropical legumes such as Enterolobium cyclocarpum and Acacia pennatula contain either condensed tannins or saponins, and when fed ground at 45% of ration DM, weight gains of up to 240 g/lamb per day were obtained in small-scale sheep farms (Briceño-Poot et al, 2012).…”

“…During the dry season, most tropical grasses have a high NDF and low CP contents, resulting in limited fermentation of DM, long retention time of digesta and low absorption of volatile fatty acids (VFA) from the rumen, leading to modest daily weight gains in growing cattle and considerable emissions of enteric methane. More than 200 000 plant secondary compounds such as condensed tannins, saponins, flavonoids, organosulfur compounds and essential oils (EOs) have been identified as having potential to mitigate CH 4 emissions in grazing ruminants (Jafari et al, 2019;Molina-Botero et al, 2019a). Secondary compounds in plants should induce a reduction in CH 4 production ( Figure 1) without negatively affecting rumen fermentation or being toxic to the animal, and should ideally improve productive performance, increase economic gains, be easy to handle and be of low cost to farmers.…”