“…The waste syrup contains saccharides at more than 15 w/v , which makes it difficult to dispose and therefore has to be incinerated, which raises production cost and causes environmental pollution. Although the waste syrup has been attempted to use for livestock feeds 2 , complete recycling is hard to achieve due to oversupply. On the other hand, utilizing the waste syrup as a carbon source for lactate fermentation 3,4 , ethanol fermentation 5 , and anaerobic methane fermentation 6 have been reported, emphasizing the effectiveness of bioconversion system.…”