Effects of Surfactants on the Rate of Chemical Reactions

Abstract

Surfactants are self-assembled compounds that depend on their structure and electric charge can interact as monomer or micelle with other compounds (substrates). These interactions which may catalyze or inhibit the reaction rates are studied with pseudophase, cooperativity, and stoichiometric (classical) models. In this review, we discuss applying these models to study surfactant-substrate interactions and their effects on Diels-Alder, redox, photochemical, decomposition, enzymatic, isomerization, ligand exchange, radical, and nucleophilic reactions.

Combination of Sodium Dodecylsulfate and 2,2′-Bipyridine for Hundred Fold Rate Enhancement of Chromium(VI) Oxidation of Malonic Acid at Room Temperature: A Greener Approach

“…This increases the effective concentrations of the reactants as well as increases the collision probability giving rise to a higher reaction rate [38,39]. Interaction of SDS molecules with substrate malonic acid results in increasing the reaction rate or changing the yield of reaction and sometimes these surfactant molecules act as reactants [40]. The role of the surfactant in this case is to facilitate substrate solubilization and its close contact with the catalyst.…”

Performance Evaluation of Tergitol NP-7 and Triton X-114 for the Removal of Crystal Violet Using Cloud-point Extraction

“…In addition to the interaction with substrate molecules, surfactants can sometimes form ion pairs with them. Non-ionic surfactants attack cationic crystal violet dye, and cause the formation of dye-surfactant ion pair 36 . The mechanism between crystal violet dye substrate and non-ionic surfactants may be characterised by the Piszkiewicz model with some modifications 35 .…”

“…Tergitol NP-7 has lower volumes of preconcentration in comparison to Triton X-114. Because of the high solubility of solute, it is observed that the preconcentration factor decreases with an increase in surfactant concentration at constant operating temperature and dye concentration 36,37 .…”

Role of surfactants on metal mediated cerium(IV) oxidation of valeraldehyde at room temperature and pressure

“…It is observed that the rate constant increases in presence of [CTAB], SDS, and CHAPS. The alteration of electron transfer rate constant in the presence of SDS, CTAB, and CHAPS has been investigated at 303 K. The conclusion is that the micellar effects on the electron transfer rate constant can be explained by considering the micelles as a special background electrolyte with a high electric charge and a strong power of hydration [24].…”

“…Surfactants are amphiphilic organic compounds, containing both hydrophobic groups and hydrophilic groups. Thus, a surfactant molecule contains both a water insoluble and a water soluble component [24]. We have employed an approach to the determination of kinetic constants of metal mediated-micelle catalyzed oxidation of valeraldehyde that allows the identification of important mechanism and function of different surfactants on the reaction rates.…”