<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the influence of different surface treatments on zirconia surface energy, roughness and microshear bond strength. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Forty eight slices of Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP- VITA In-Ceram® YZ for inLab®) (6.4 x 3.2 x 1.6 mm) were divided into 3 groups according to the surface treatment (n = 16): YTZP_control -untreated; YTZP_plasma -surface treatment with non-thermal oxygen plasma; YTZP_primer - coating with ceramic primer. Surface energy (n = 6) was measured with a goniometer; and surface roughness (n = 10) was analyzed with a 3D profilometer were performed over zirconia surface. On the same specimens of surface roughness, on the treated zirconia's surface, resin cement (PANAVIA V5 - Kuraray Noritake Dental) was built up by inserting the resin cement into Tygon tubes (1 mm of internal diameter X 1 mm length). After 24 h storage, microshear test was assessed. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test (<em>p </em>< 0.05). <strong>Results:</strong> Non-thermal oxygen plasma treated specimens exhibited higher statistically significant surface energy (<em>p </em>= 0.00) and bond strength (<em>p </em>= 0.00) when compared to control and primer groups. Roughness test (<em>p </em>= 0.897) could not detect statistical difference among the tested groups. <strong><br /> Conclusion: </strong>Non-thermal oxygen plasma should be a suitable alternative for zirconia surface treatment prior to luting hence it improved microshear bond strength and provided higher surface energy without affecting surface roughness.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords </strong></p><p>Adhesion; Non-thermal plasma; Surface treatment.</p>