Effects of surface modification on rheological and mechanical properties of CNT/epoxy composites

Kim, Jin Ah; Seong, Dong Gi; Kang, Tae Jin; Youn, Jae Ryoun

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2006.02.026

Cited by 477 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In addition to microscopic techniques such as TEM, rheological examination of polymer suspensions containing CNTs has been also recently performed to investigate the dispersion state of CNTs in the corresponding resin media [7][8][9]. It was revealed that the Brownian motion of CNT particles with huge aspect ratio results in more considerable viscoelastic rheological behavior as compared to those of micrometer size short fiber or particles such as carbon black [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was revealed that the Brownian motion of CNT particles with huge aspect ratio results in more considerable viscoelastic rheological behavior as compared to those of micrometer size short fiber or particles such as carbon black [7,8]. However, the number of works reported in the literature on the rheological behavior of CNT/polymer systems is quite limited [6][7][8][9][10][11]. The rheological behavior of concentrated aqueous nanotube dispersions was studied by Kinloch et al [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors also revealed that nanocomposites with functionalized nanotubes gave higher storage modulus and complex viscosity values at low frequency level. Kim et al [8] studied the rheological behavior of epoxy resin suspensions containing amine, acid and plasma treated carbon nanotubes. It was found that the surface modified CNT/epoxy suspensions exhibited a very strong shear thinning behavior and higher shear viscosity than those with untreated CNTs due to the enhanced interfacial bonding between CNTs and the corresponding epoxy resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Rheological and dynamic-mechanical behavior of carbon nanotube/vinyl ester–polyester suspensions and their nanocomposites

Seyhan

Gojny

Tanoğlu

et al. 2007

European Polymer Journal

105

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Rheological properties of vinyl ester-polyester resin suspensions containing various amounts (0.05, 0.1 and 0.3 wt.%) of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with and without amine functional groups (-NH 2 ) were investigated by utilization of oscillatory rheometer with parallel plate geometry. Dispersion of corresponding carbon nanotubes within the resin blend was accomplished employing high shear mixing technique (3-roll milling). Based on the dynamic viscoelastic measurements, it was observed that at 0.3 wt.% of CNT loadings, storage modulus (G 0 ) values of suspensions containing MWCNTs and MWCNT-NH 2 exhibited frequency-independent pseudo solid like behavior especially at lower frequencies. Moreover, the loss modulus (G 00 ) values of the resin suspensions with respect to frequency were observed to increase with an increase in contents of CNTs within the resin blend. In addition, steady shear viscosity measurements implied that at each given loading rate, the resin suspensions demonstrated shear thinning behavior regardless of amine functional groups, while the neat resin blend was almost the Newtonian fluid. Furthermore, dynamic mechanical behavior of the nanocomposites achieved by polymerizing the resin blend suspensions with MWCNTs and MWCNT-NH 2 was investigated through dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA). It was revealed that storage modulus (E 0 ) and the loss modulus (E 00 ) values of the resulting nanocomposites increased with regard to carbon nanotubes incorporated into the resin blend. In addition, at each given loading rate, nanocomposites containing MWCNT-NH 2 possessed larger loss and storage modulus values as well as higher glass transition temperatures (T g ) as compared to those with MWCNTs. These findings were attributed to evidences for contribution of amine functional groups to chemical interactions at the interface between CNTs and the resin blend matrix. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies performed on the cured resin samples approved that the dispersion state of carbon nanotubes with and without amine functional groups within the matrix resin blend was adequate. This implies that 3-roll milling process described herein is very appropriate technique for blending of carbon nanotubes with a liquid thermoset resin to manufacture nanocomposites with enhanced final properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rheological and dynamic-mechanical behavior of carbon nanotube/vinyl ester–polyester suspensions and their nanocomposites

Seyhan

Gojny

Tanoğlu

et al. 2007

European Polymer Journal

105

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“…29 The ''as-produced'' MWCNTs show poor dispersion within the polymer matrix because of high cohesive strength. To overcome this challenge, nanotubes are vigorously mixed in a solvent prior to their addition to the epoxy or a solvent-diluted epoxy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of mixing methods on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes during the solvent‐free processing of multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites

Gupta

Sydlik

Schnorr

et al. 2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Several solvent-free processing methods to disperse multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in bisphenol F-based epoxy resin were investigated, including the use of a microfluidizer (MF), planetary shear mixer (PSM), ultrasonication (US) and combinations. The processed mixture was cured with diethyl toluene diamine. Three complimentary techniques were used to characterize the dispersion of the MWCNTs in cured composite samples: optical microscopy, micro Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For sample MF þ PSM, optical micrographs and Raman images showed reduced agglomeration and a homogeneous distribution of MWCNTs in the epoxy matrix. SEM analysis of fractured specimen after tensile testing revealed breakage of nanotubes along the fracture surface of the composite. A comparison of the MWCNT dispersion in the epoxy samples processed using different methods showed that a combination of MF and PSM processing yields a more homogeneous sample than the PSM or US þ PSM processed samples. Mechanical testing of the composites showed about 15% improvement in the tensile strength of samples processed by the MF þ PSM method over other methods. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed a small decrease in the onset degradation temperature for poorly dispersed samples produced by PSM compared with the well-mixed samples (MF þ PSM). These results strongly suggest that the MF þ PSM processing method yield better-dispersed and stronger MWCNT/epoxy composites.

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“…Specifically, the viscosity of the matrix can increase by orders of magnitude upon the addition of carbon nanotubes with large aspect ratios (length/diameter >500). The degree to which the viscosity is affected is highly dependent on the type and aspect ratio of the nanotubes [3], dispersion state [4], and functionalization [5]. Epoxy with functionalized nanotubes can exhibit a high degree of shear thinning behaviour compared to the neat resin [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy: Correlation between viscosity and elastic modulus

Hubert

Ashrafi

Adhikari

et al. 2009

Composites Science and Technology

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. abstractWe report the synthesis and characterization of nanocomposite thin films consisting of single-walled carbon nanotubes with different functionalization schemes dispersed in an epoxy matrix. The thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of nanocomposite thin films were experimentally characterized to establish a relationship between processing and performance. The results from the rheological analysis confirmed that the nanotube type and functionalization strongly affect the resin viscosity during cure. A correlation between the rheological behaviour and the measured elastic properties was established. Nanotubes produced by plasma and functionalized with carboxyl group had the lowest influence on viscosity and led to the highest improvement in elastic properties. The measured increase in elastic modulus was consistent with predictions based on Mori-Tanaka micromechanics.

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Effects of surface modification on rheological and mechanical properties of CNT/epoxy composites

Cited by 477 publications

References 17 publications

Rheological and dynamic-mechanical behavior of carbon nanotube/vinyl ester–polyester suspensions and their nanocomposites

Rheological and dynamic-mechanical behavior of carbon nanotube/vinyl ester–polyester suspensions and their nanocomposites

The effect of mixing methods on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes during the solvent‐free processing of multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites

Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy: Correlation between viscosity and elastic modulus

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