Effects of Superheat and Solute Additions on the Grain Size in Binary Copper Alloys

Abstract

By utilizing data from the literature, we examine the effects of superheat and solute additions on the grain size (as measured by columnar grain length) in binary copper alloys. Our investigation provides support for an Arrhenius-like behavior of the superheat on the grain size. We also find a correlation between the columnar grain length at a constant degree of superheat and the variation of the reciprocal of the true growth restriction factor (1/Q) with P, Mg, Mn, Pb, and Sn solute additions to be a power of law of 1/3, which gave a better fit than a linear one.

On the Role of Dilute Solute Additions on Growth Restriction in Binary Copper Alloys

“…Interestingly, those points generally correspond to Zn and Al lying on the top, right hand side corner of the graph, where coarse columnar grains are represented, except for an Al point and a Zn point, in which case and as mentioned in Ref. [12] due to its inherent high equilibrium vapor pressure, these Cu-Zn alloys could have had a lower Zn content in the base composition than its corresponding nominal composition, which in turn may have resulted in an overestimation of the Q true values.…”

“…Despite of the fact that a direct relationship between the columnar grain size and the reciprocal of the true growth restriction factor at a constant degree of superheat was found to be of a power of law of 1/3 for individual solute additions of P, Mg, Mn, Pb, and Sn [12], which were also included in Fig. 1; there was no correlation between columnar grain length values from Northcott's work [1] and the P, 1/Q conv.…”

“…In their work [11], they developed theoretically and proved empirically a correlation between grain size and the reciprocal of the conventional growth restriction factor to be a power of law of 1/3. This was subsequently adapted to the true growth restriction factor on a study of the effects of superheat and solute additions of Al, Zn, P, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Sn on the grain size at a constant degree of superheat in binary copper alloys [12]. This paper extends our previous study to other binary copper alloys.…”

“…(wt.%) and Kozlov's work [2]. This procedure was briefly described in our previous work [12]. Cooling was calculated from the thermodynamic databases available in the literature using Software package Pandat (version 8.0) following a compilation of Refs.…”

“…Cooling was calculated from the thermodynamic databases available in the literature using Software package Pandat (version 8.0) following a compilation of Refs. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] as cited in our previous work [12] and an extension to other binary copper alloys . The solid fraction evolution within a relatively small fraction (f s ) as detailed in Table 1 was calculated based on the Gulliver-Scheil cooling conditions generally for a temperature step of 0.01K, except where otherwise stated in Table 1.…”