Effects of sulfate coatings on the ice nucleation properties of a biological ice nucleus and several types of minerals

Chernoff, D. I.; Bertram, Allan K.

doi:10.1029/2010jd014254

Cited by 93 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Ice nucleation on sulphuric acid-coated kaolinite particles is therefore energetically much more difficult. Similar results were also obtained in other laboratory studies (Ettner et al 2004;Archuleta et al 2005;Knopf and Koop 2006;Salam et al 2007;Cziczo et al 2009;Sullivan et al 2010;Chernoff and Bertram 2010;Niedermeier et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Relative importance of acid coating on ice nuclei in the deposition and contact modes for wintertime Arctic clouds and radiation

Girard

Asl

2013

Meteorol Atmos Phys

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Aerosols emitted from volcanic activities and polluted mid-latitudes regions are efficiently transported over the Arctic during winter by the large-scale atmospheric circulation. These aerosols are highly acidic. The acid coating on ice nuclei, which are present among these aerosols, alters their ability to nucleate ice crystals. In this research, the effect of acid coating on deposition and contact ice nuclei on the Arctic cloud and radiation is evaluated for January 2007 using a regional climate model. Results show that the suppression of contact freezing by acid coating on ice nuclei leads to small changes of the cloud microstructure and has no significant effect on the cloud radiative forcing (CRF) at the top of the atmosphere when compared with the effect of the alteration of deposition ice nucleation by acid coating on deposition ice nuclei. There is a negative feedback by which the suppression of contact freezing leads to an increase of the ice crystal nucleation rate by deposition ice nucleation. As a result, the suppression of contact freezing leads to an increase of the cloud ice crystal concentration. Changes in the cloud liquid and ice water contents remain small and the CRF is not significantly modified. The alteration of deposition ice nucleation by acid coating on ice nuclei is dominant over the alteration of contact freezing.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Relative importance of acid coating on ice nuclei in the deposition and contact modes for wintertime Arctic clouds and radiation

Girard

Asl

2013

Meteorol Atmos Phys

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“…As bare particles age in the atmosphere, they acquire liquid surface coatings by condensing soluble species and water vapour or by scavenging soluble particles, and they are thus transformed from deposition or contact nuclei into possible immersion nuclei. This transformation may dampen the ice-forming ability of some IN types at temperatures relevant for mixed-phase clouds (Cziczo et al, 2009;Eastwood et al, 2009;Chernoff and Bertram, 2010;Sullivan et al, 2010a). Specifically, organic coatings or oxidation by ozone tend to reduce the ice nucleation efficiency Möhler et al, 2005;, but this depends on the ozone levels (Kanji et al, 2013).…”

Section: Aerosol Radiation Clouds and Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The literature on atmospheric particulate matter (PM), or atmospheric aerosol, has increased enormously over the last 2 decades and amounts now to some 1500-2000 papers per year in the refereed literature. This is in part due to the enormous advances in measurement technologies, which have allowed for an increasingly accurate understanding of the chemical composition and of the physical properties of atmospheric particles and of their processes in the atmosphere. The growing scientific interest in atmospheric aerosol particles is due to their high importance for environmental policy. In fact, particulate matter constitutes one of the most challenging problems both for air quality and for climate change policies. In this context, this paper reviews the most recent results within the atmospheric aerosol sciences and the policy needs, which have driven much of the increase in monitoring and mechanistic research over the last 2 decades.The synthesis reveals many new processes and developments in the science underpinning climate-aerosol interactions and effects of PM on human health and the environment. However, while airborne particulate matter is responsible for globally important influences on premature human mortality, we still do not know the relative importance of the different chemical components of PM for these effects. Likewise, the magnitude of the overall effects of PM on climate remains highly uncertain. Despite the uncertainty there are many things that could be done to mitigate local and global problems of atmospheric PM. Recent analyses have shown that reducing black carbon (BC) emissions, using known control measures, would reduce global warming and delay the time when anthropogenic effects on global temperature would exceed 2 • C. Likewise, cost-effective control measures on ammonia, an important agricultural precursor gas for secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), would reduce regional eutrophication and PM concentrations in large areas of Europe, China and the USA. Thus, there is much that could be done to reduce the effects of atmospheric PM on the climate and the health of the environment and the human population.A prioritized list of actions to mitigate the full range of effects of PM is currently undeliverable due to shortcomings in the knowledge of aerosol science; among the shortcomings, the roles of PM in global climate and the relative roles of Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 8218S. Fuzzi et al.: Particulate matter, air quality and climate different PM precursor sources and their response to climate and land use change over the remaining decades of this century are prominent. In any case, the evidence from this paper strongly advocates for an integrated approach to air quality and climate policies.

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“…The surface structure and therefore the nucleation ability of mineral dust can change due to interaction with organic or inorganic substances. The effect of a coating depends on many different factors such as the mode of freezing, freezing temperature, and thickness and chemical composition of the coating (Cziczo et al, 2009;Chernoff and Bertram, 2010;Sullivan et al, 2010a, b;Tobo et al, 2012). Clay minerals and Arizona test dust (ATD) show a decrease of the ice nucleation ability due to coatings (Cziczo et al, 2009;Chernoff and Bertram, 2010;Sullivan et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice nucleation efficiency of natural dust samples in the immersion mode

et al. 2016

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Abstract. A total of 12 natural surface dust samples, which were surface-collected on four continents, most of them in dust source regions, were investigated with respect to their ice nucleation activity. Dust collection sites were distributed across Africa, South America, the Middle East, and Antarctica. Mineralogical composition has been determined by means of X-ray diffraction. All samples proved to be mixtures of minerals, with major contributions from quartz, calcite, clay minerals, K-feldspars, and (Na, Ca)-feldspars. Reference samples of these minerals were investigated with the same methods as the natural dust samples. Furthermore, Arizona test dust (ATD) was re-evaluated as a benchmark. Immersion freezing of emulsion and bulk samples was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. For emulsion measurements, water droplets with a size distribution peaking at about 2 µm, containing different amounts of dust between 0.5 and 50 wt % were cooled until all droplets were frozen. These measurements characterize the average freezing behaviour of particles, as they are sensitive to the average active sites present in a dust sample. In addition, bulk measurements were conducted with one single 2 mg droplet consisting of a 5 wt % aqueous suspension of the dusts/minerals. These measurements allow the investigation of the best icenucleating particles/sites available in a dust sample. All natural dusts, except for the Antarctica and ATD samples, froze in a remarkably narrow temperature range with the heterogeneously frozen fraction reaching 10 % between 244 and 250 K, 25 % between 242 and 246 K, and 50 % between 239 and 244 K. Bulk freezing occurred between 255 and 265 K. In contrast to the natural dusts, the reference minerals revealed ice nucleation temperatures with 2-3 times larger scatter. Calcite, dolomite, dolostone, and muscovite can be considered ice nucleation inactive. For microcline samples, a 50 % heterogeneously frozen fraction occurred above 245 K for all tested suspension concentrations, and a microcline mineral showed bulk freezing temperatures even above 270 K. This makes microcline (KAlSi 3 O 8 ) an exceptionally good ice-nucleating mineral, superior to all other analysed K-feldspars, (Na, Ca)-feldspars, and the clay minerals. In summary, the mineralogical composition can explain the observed freezing behaviour of 5 of the investigated 12 natural dust samples, and partly for 6 samples, leaving the freezing efficiency of only 1 sample not easily explained in terms of its mineral reference components. While this suggests that mineralogical composition is a major determinant of ice-nucleating ability, in practice, most natural samples consist of a mixture of minerals, and this mixture seems to lead to remarkably similar ice nucleation abilities, regardless of their exact composition, so that global models, in a first approximation, may represent mineral dust as a single species with respect to ice nucleation activity. However, more sophisticated representations of ice nucleation by mineral dusts...

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Effects of sulfate coatings on the ice nucleation properties of a biological ice nucleus and several types of minerals

Cited by 93 publications

References 107 publications

Relative importance of acid coating on ice nuclei in the deposition and contact modes for wintertime Arctic clouds and radiation

Relative importance of acid coating on ice nuclei in the deposition and contact modes for wintertime Arctic clouds and radiation

Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs

Ice nucleation efficiency of natural dust samples in the immersion mode

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