Effects of Sugars and Degradation Products Derived from Lignocellulosic Biomass on Maleic Acid Production

Abstract

In this study, maleic acid was produced from xylose contained in a hydrolysate generated by oxalic acid pretreatment of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), and the factors that influenced maleic acid production were evaluated. Furfural was obtained from the hydrolysate using H2SO4 as a catalyst, depending on combined severity factors (CSFs). Furfural production increased as the H2SO4 concentration increased. Furfural yield (46.70%), xylose conversion (70.95%), and xylo–oligomer conversion (75.47%) from the hydrolysate were high at CSF 1.92 with 1.64% H2SO4. However, the furfural concentration was slightly increased at 1.64% H2SO4 to 7.10 g/L at CSF 1.89, compared with that at CSF 1.92. Maleic acid was produced from the hydrolysate (CSF 1.92 and 1.64% H2SO4) at a yield of 91.44%. Maleic acid production was slightly better when formic acid and acetic acid were included in the hydrolysate than when furfural was included alone (79.94% vs. 78.82%). Based on the results, the xylose obtained from yellow poplar can be proposed as a new substitute for fossil fuel-derived raw materials.

Pre-treatments of <i>Mirasolia diversifolia</i> using <i>Lactobacillus bulgaricus</i> at different dosages and fermentation times: Phytic acid concentration, enzyme activity, and fermentation characteristics

“…Generally, the fermentation process will decrease fermentation pH due to the action of lactic acid bacteria degrading organic matter into a simpler forms. The degradation of organic matter will produce valuable organic acids, such as formic, acetic, maleic, and succinic acid (Jeong & Lee, 2021). These organic acids will depress the pH of fermentation.…”

Lignocellulosic Agricultural Waste Valorization to Obtain Valuable Products: An Overview

“…The first possible chemicals from lignocellulose are C5 and C6 sugars, further convertible into a variety of platform chemicals [275], such as organic acids [311], succinic acid [312], lactic acid [313], levulinic acid [314], fumaric acid [315], maleic acid [316], 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid [317], 3-hydroxy propionic acid, aspartic acid, glucaric acid [318], glutamic acid (itaconic acid), furfural [319][320][321][322], hydroxymethylfurfural [323], 3-hydroxybutyrolactone, glycerol, sorbitol [324], and xylitol/arabitol [325,326]. These chemicals are, in turn, basic building blocks in chemical industries.…”

Photocatalyzed Functionalization of Alkenoic Acids in 3D‐Printed Reactors

“…butane) is well known to be derived from lignocellulosic agroresidues or from furfural. [20][21][22] Fumaric acid (IV), a naturally occurring key intermediate, is currently obtained by isomerization of maleic acid. However, this acid may be also obtained by fungal fermentation (employing Rhizopus strains) of starch-containing materials, glucose, xylose and lignocellulosic derivatives.…”

“…Maleic acid ( III ), usually formed by non‐renewable sources from maleic anhydride produced through catalytic oxidation of benzene or other hydrocarbons (e.g. butane) is well known to be derived from lignocellulosic agroresidues or from furfural [20–22] . Fumaric acid ( IV ), a naturally occurring key intermediate, is currently obtained by isomerization of maleic acid.…”