Effects of sugars and abscisic acid on somatic embryogenesis from melon (Cucumis melo L.) expanded cotyledon

Direct Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis from Axillary Meristem in Taro (<i>Colocasia esculenta</i> var. <i>esculenta</i>)

“…Best somatic embryo germination was observed on 4.5% sucrose along with 3 µM GA. This result aligns well with the previous studies which indicate that a relatively higher level of sucrose in the culture medium promotes maturation of somatic embryos [2,12,18,24]. In this study, a sharp decline in percent germination of somatic embryos when sucrose concentration was increased to 6% with 3 µM GA indicates that the ratio of sucrose and GA concentration might also play a crucial role in inducing germination in the somatic embryos.…”

Osmotic stress stimulates shoot organogenesis in callus of rice (Oryza sativa L.) via auxin signaling and carbohydrate metabolism regulation

“…The levels of endogenous IAA and ABA are enhanced by osmotic stress treatment, then sucrose uptake from the medium is increased by cell wall-bound invertase and sucrose transporter, which leads to soluble sugars and starch accumulation. The accumulated carbohydrates would be used as an osmotic signal required for regenerable callus induction and energy sources for further shoot regeneration Plant Growth Regul (2014) 73:193-204 201 regenerable calli differentiation (Jiménez and Bangerth 2001;Nakagawa et al 2001). The accumulated carbohydrates would be used as an osmotic signal required for regenerable callus induction and energy sources for further shoot regeneration.…”

Pretreatments, conditioned medium and co-culture increase the incidence of somatic embryogenesis of different Cichorium species

“…6,31,32 Addition of other osmotica, such as mannitol or sucrose, was also shown to promote SE (Colocasia esculenta, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Eleutherococcus sentocosus, Pinus taeda, Saccharum officinarum, or androgenesis (wheat). 22,[33][34][35][36][37][38] The high osmolarity in the culture medium can also be a consequence ABA is a plant growth regulator often associated with totipotency and its endogenous concentration should be low to promote SE in Daucus carota, Medicago or Nicotiana 14,40-42 while it should be high to promote SE in other models (Cucumis melo, Daucus carota, Pennistum purpureum). 34,43,44 Exogenous addition of ABA led to improve the ISE in monocots (Cocos nucifera, Cynodon hybrid Musa sp.)…”

“…22,[33][34][35][36][37][38] The high osmolarity in the culture medium can also be a consequence ABA is a plant growth regulator often associated with totipotency and its endogenous concentration should be low to promote SE in Daucus carota, Medicago or Nicotiana 14,40-42 while it should be high to promote SE in other models (Cucumis melo, Daucus carota, Pennistum purpureum). 34,43,44 Exogenous addition of ABA led to improve the ISE in monocots (Cocos nucifera, Cynodon hybrid Musa sp.) 9,11,13 and in dicots (Daucus carota, Hevea).…”

“…As we also report in our system here, promotivemitogenic factors are released in conditioned medium. 64 For example, phytosulfokine a, 21,22 cell wall remodeling enzymes, [65][66][67][68] and parietal fragments such as AGPs, [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]69 or oligogalacturonide pectic fragments have been reported. 68 The use of CM obtained from wild type carrot cell suspension favored embryo development in the thermosensitive mutant ts11 that normally produced somatic embryo arrested at the globular stage.…”