Effects of sugar substitutes on health concerns and corresponding mechanisms related to gut microbiota

Abstract

Due to the worldwide epidemic of obesity and diabetes, it is recommended to reduce sugar consumption. Sweeteners are used widely as sugar substitutes since they duplicate the taste of normal sugar but have no or low calories. In addition to their supposed role in reducing caloric intake and controlling weight, a growing body of research disputing their effects on physical health. Some studies suggest artificial sweeteners may contribute to type 2 diabetes and obesity, and cardiovascular disease through several mechanisms such as insulin resistance and disrupting of gastrointestinal microflora. People should consider more intake of natural sweeteners as they take part in gene mutation and can be used by people with diabetes and the general population. However, artificial sweeteners, specifically aspartame, are probably linked to cancer risk. Although the carcinogenic mechanism has not been defined clearly yet, and further human-based studies should be done, there is a need for caution in the consumption of artificial sweeteners.