Effects of substrate on interactions between juvenile sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus Gmelin) and predatory sea stars (Asterias vulgaris Verrill) and rock crabs (Cancer irroratus Say)

Wong, Melisa C.; Barbeau, Myriam A.

doi:10.1016/s0022-0981(02)00551-8

Cited by 51 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The queen scallop Aequipecten opercularis from the Isle of Man, UK is short lived [8 to 10 years (Ansell et al, 1991;Philipp et al, 2006)] and belongs to an active swimming ecomorph within the scallop group (Minchin, 2003). These animals actively swim and change their location to avoid unfavourable environmental conditions including the escape from predators (Paul, 1980;Wong and Barbeau, 2003). A decline in physiological fitness, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size- and age-dependent changes in adductor muscle swimming physiology of the scallopAequipecten opercularis

Philipp

Schmidt

Gsottbauer

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe decline of cellular and especially mitochondrial functions with age is, among other causes, held responsible for a decrease in physiological fitness and exercise capacity during lifetime. We investigated size-and age-related changes in the physiology of exercising specimens of the short lived swimming scallop Aequipecten opercularis (maximum life span 8 to 10 years) from the Isle of Man, UK. A. opercularis swim mainly to avoid predators, and a decrease in swimming abilities would increase the risk of capture and lower the rates of survival. Bigger (older) individuals were found to have lower mitochondrial volume density and aerobic capacities (citrate synthase activity and adenylates) as well as less anaerobic capacity deduced from the amount of glycogen stored in muscle tissue. Changes in redox potential, tissue pH and the loss of glutathione in the swimming muscle during the exercise were more pronounced in young compared to older individuals. This indicates that older individuals can more effectively stabilize cellular homeostasis during repeated exercise than younger animals but with a possible fitness cost as the change in physiology with age and size might result in a changed escape response behaviour towards predators. Supplementary material available online at

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size- and age-dependent changes in adductor muscle swimming physiology of the scallopAequipecten opercularis

Philipp

Schmidt

Gsottbauer

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…One-sample Hotelling's T 2 tests were used to determine if selection indices cumulative over time differed from the expected value of no selection (i.e. 0.333) (Roa 1992, Wong et al 2006). This test was used because selection indices for each size group were not independent of each other.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prey size selection and bottom type influence multiple predator effects in a crab–bivalve system

Wong¹,

Peterson²,

Kay³

2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Consumption by multiple conspecific or interspecific predators on shared prey is not always predicted when data from isolated predators are combined. Predator interactions can result in non-independent predator effects on prey, and may be influenced by prey size selection and bottom type. We examined stone crab Menippe mercenaria and blue crab Callinectes sapidus predation of hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria. Interactions between these predators may become common in mid-Atlantic estuaries as stone crab abundance increases with a poleward range shift driven by climate change. Crabs in isolation, in conspecific pairs and in the interspecific pair were offered clams in 5 size classes simultaneously (10-60 mm shell length [SL]) or 1 size class (10-20 mm SL). Trials were on sand and hard bottom. On sand, all predator pairs had independent effects on prey, regardless of the presence or absence of multiple prey sizes. On hard bottom, when multiple prey sizes were present, blue crab conspecific and the interspecific pairs consumed less than predicted from isolated crabs. Strong selection of small clams by blue crabs led to conspecific interactions that reduced foraging compared to isolated crabs. Because stone crabs consumed all clam sizes, behaviours other than prey size selection caused the non-independent effect on prey by the interspecific pair. When multiple prey sizes were absent on hard bottom, most predator pairs had independent effects on prey. Thus, an expected poleward range shift of stone crabs may not increase interactions with blue crabs when foraging on sand. However, on hard bottom, increased predator interactions could reduce overall predation risk for prey, especially when consuming multiple prey sizes. In a climate-changed midAtlantic estuary, stone crabs will consume a wide range of clam sizes, and the size refuge large clams usually have from blue crab predation will be lost.

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“…Placopecten magellanicus has an excellent shell shape for lift production (Stanley, 1970;Gruffydd, 1976;Thorburn and Gruffydd, 1979); however, its shell mass is relatively high compared with that of A. balloti (Table1). Both juvenile and adult P. magellanicus responded to stimulation by crabs, but the most vigorous escape response was obtained with predatory sea stars (H.E.G., unpublished) (Wong and Barbeau, 2003). Placopecten magellanicus, particularly those of smaller size, are preyed upon by numerous predators (Elner and Jamieson, 1979;Naidu et al, 1986;Barbeau and Scheibling, 1994).…”

Section: Potential Influence Of Ontogenetic Changes On Escape Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pattern of movement (swimming versus jumping) may also vary with size/age, with small Aequipecten opercularis swimming more than large individuals (Schmidt et al, 2008). Ontogenetic changes in behaviour can occur in response to the predators in an environment, as greater size can provide a refuge from predation, allowing larger scallops to reduce their response to predators (Barbeau and Scheibling, 1994;Wong and Barbeau, 2003). Ontogenetic variation in performance also reflects the increasing influence of reproductive investment as scallops become larger and favour reproductive investment over escape response capacities (Brokordt et al, 2000a;Brokordt et al, 2000b;Kraffe et al, 2008).…”

Section: Potential Influence Of Ontogenetic Changes On Escape Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming away or clamming up: the use of phasic and tonic adductor muscles during escape responses varies with shell morphology in scallops

Tremblay

Guderley

Himmelman

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe simple locomotor system of scallops facilitates the study of muscle use during locomotion. We compared five species of scallops with different shell morphologies to see whether shell morphology and muscle use change in parallel or whether muscle use can compensate for morphological constraints. Force recordings during escape responses revealed that the use of tonic and phasic contractions varied markedly among species. The active species, Amusium balloti, Placopecten magellanicus and Pecten fumatus, made more phasic contractions than the more sedentary species, Mimachlamys asperrima and Crassadoma gigantea. Tonic contractions varied considerably among these species, with the two more sedentary species often starting their response to the predator with a tonic contraction and the more active species using shorter tonic contractions between series of phasic contractions. Placopecten magellanicus made extensive use of short tonic contractions. Pecten fumatus mounted an intense series of phasic contractions at the start of its response, perhaps to overcome the constraints of its unfavourable shell morphology. Valve closure by the more sedentary species suggests that their shell morphology protects them against predation, whereas swimming by the more active species relies upon intense phasic contractions together with favourable shell characteristics.

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Effects of substrate on interactions between juvenile sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus Gmelin) and predatory sea stars (Asterias vulgaris Verrill) and rock crabs (Cancer irroratus Say)

Cited by 51 publications

References 47 publications

Size- and age-dependent changes in adductor muscle swimming physiology of the scallopAequipecten opercularis

Size- and age-dependent changes in adductor muscle swimming physiology of the scallopAequipecten opercularis

Prey size selection and bottom type influence multiple predator effects in a crab–bivalve system

Swimming away or clamming up: the use of phasic and tonic adductor muscles during escape responses varies with shell morphology in scallops

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