Effects of substitution of dietary fish oil with a blend of vegetable oils on liver and peripheral blood leucocyte fatty acid composition, plasma prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>and immune parameters in three strains of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>)

Petropoulos, Ioannis K.; Thompson, Kim D.; Morgan, Alison L; Dick, James R.; Tocher, Douglas R.; Bell, J. Gordon

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00627.x

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Up to 2012, aquaculture industry has consumed 88% of global fish oil supplies (Tacon & Metian, ). However, the reduction of fish oil production from wild fisheries has caused a supply shortage and a rise in fish oil price (Petropoulos et al., ). Therefore, it is necessary to find new lipid sources to substitute fish oil in aquafeed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary lipid source and vitamin E on growth, non-specific immune response and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

et al. 2018

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Six purified diets were formulated to contain three lipid sources, fish oil (FO), linseed oil (LO) and soybean oil (SO), at 6% diet lipid crossing two levels of vitamin E (100 and 300 mg α‐tocopheryl acetate/kg diet) for each lipid source (FO100, FO300, LO100, LO300, SO100, SO300). The juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, respectively, fed on these diets with four replicates for 6 weeks. The crab weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly affected by dietary lipid sources. No difference was found between the crabs fed two levels of vitamin E, but the WG and SGR were numerically higher in crab fed 300 mg/kg vitamin E than those fed the other level of vitamin E. The lipid source and vitamin E level could affect fatty acid composition in the hepatopancreas. The contents of saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and n‐3HUFA were significantly higher in the crab‐fed fish oil. The highest contents of n‐6PUFA and n‐3PUFA were found in the crab‐fed soybean oil and linseed oil respectively. The contents of SAFA, n‐3HUFA and n‐3PUFA were higher in the 300 mg/kg vitamin E treatment. A lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher phenoloxidase (PO) activity were observed in the crab fed 300 mg/kg vitamin E. The results of this study indicate that the Chinese mitten crab fed the diet with 6% fish oil and 300 mg/kg vitamin E showed better growth, antioxidant capacity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary lipid source and vitamin E on growth, non-specific immune response and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

et al. 2018

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“…Up to 2012, FO consumption by aquaculture has accounted for 88% of global supplies (Tacon & Metian 2008). However, the decline of FO production from wild fisheries has resulted in a supply shortage and price escalation of FO (Petropoulos, Thompson, Morgan, Dick, Tocher & Bell 2009). Therefore, it has been a major challenge to find other oil sources to substitute FO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and immune response of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) fed diets containing different lipid sources

Chen

Qin

et al. 2014

Aquac Res

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A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid sources on the growth and immune responses of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with fish oil (FO), linseed oil (LO), soybean oil (SO), rapeseed oil (RO), coconut oil (CO) and beef tallow (BT) as the sources of lipid with five replicates each. Thirty crabs (2.35 AE 0.14 g) were stocked into each tank and fed twice daily. Weight gain and specific growth rate of crab fed the FO diet were significantly lower than those fed other diets (P < 0.05), except for crabs fed LO diet (P < 0.05). Crab fed the SO diet weighed more than those fed FO diets (P < 0.05). Serum superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde of crab fed the FO diet were significantly higher than in other groups (P < 0.05). Crab fed the FO diet had the highest activities of serum phenoloxidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme (P < 0.05). The fatty acid composition in the liver of crab reflected the change in test diets. Our results indicate that the use of dietary vegetable or animal oils can achieve similar growth performance to the use of dietary FO in Chinese mitten crab, but non-FOs may impair crab immunity. Soybean oil is recommended as a suitable replacer for FO in Chinese mitten crab diet.

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“…In the US, several states are actively growing Camelina as a biofuels crop, indicating the wide acceptance of this crop platform. Furthermore, wild-type Camelina oil has already been shown to be suitable for inclusion in fish feeds and contains no anti-nutritional factors detrimental to fish growth (Petropoulos et al, 2009;Morais et al, 2012b;Hixson et al, 2014). Ultimately, all animal production will depend on terrestrial plants/agriculture and this requires land.…”

Section: Transgenicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and aquaculture in perspective

2015

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Abbreviations: ARA, arachidonic acid (20:4n-6); CVD, cardiovascular disease; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3); DPA, docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3); EFA, essential fatty acid; Elovl, fatty acid elongase; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3); Fads, fatty acyl desaturase; FM, fishmeal; FO, fish oil; LC-PUFA, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥ C20 ≥ 3 double bonds); LOA, linoleic acid (18:2n-6); LNA, linolenic acid (18:3n-3); PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; TAG, triacylglycerol; VO, vegetable oil. ABSTRACTIn the 40 years since the essentiality of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in fish was first established by determining quantitative requirements for 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 in rainbow trout, essential fatty acid (EFA) research has gone through distinct phases. For 20 years the focus was primarily on determining qualitative and quantitative EFA requirements of fish species. Nutritional and biochemical studies showed major differences between fish species based on whether C 18 PUFA or long-chain (LC)-PUFA were required to satisfy requirements. In contrast, in the last 20 years, research emphasis shifted to determining "optimal" levels of EFA to support growth of fish fed diets with increased lipid content and where growth expectations were much higher. This required greater knowledge of the roles and functions of EFA in metabolism and physiology, and how these impacted on fish health and disease. Requirement studies were more focused on early life stages, in particular larval marine fish, defining not only levels, but also balances between different EFA. Finally, a major driver in the last 10-15 years has been the unavoidable replacement of fish oil and fishmeal in feeds and the impacts that this can have on n-3 LC-PUFA contents of diets and farmed fish, and the human consumer. Thus, dietary n-3 in fish feeds can be defined by three levels.Firstly, the minimum level required to satisfy EFA requirements and thus prevent nutritional pathologies. This level is relatively small and easy to supply even with today's current high demand for fish oil. The second level is that required to sustain maximum growth and optimum health in fish being fed modern high-energy diets. The balance between different PUFA and LC-PUFA is important and defining them is more challenging, and so ideal levels and balances are still not well understood, particularly in relation to fish health. The third level is currently driving much research; how can we supply sufficient n-3 LC-PUFA to maintain the nutritional quality of farmed fish at the same level as 20 years ago, and similar or better than in wild fish? This level far exceeds the biological requirements of the fish itself and to satisfy it we require entirely new sources of n-3 LC-PUFA. We cannot rely on the finite and limited marine resources that we can sustainably harvest or 3 efficiently recycle. We need to produce n-3 LC-PUFA de novo and all possible options should be considered.Keywords: Fish oil; essential fatty acids; nutrition; health; metabolism; sustainability 4 Highl...

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Effects of substitution of dietary fish oil with a blend of vegetable oils on liver and peripheral blood leucocyte fatty acid composition, plasma prostaglandin E₂and immune parameters in three strains of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Cited by 44 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of dietary lipid source and vitamin E on growth, non-specific immune response and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

Effect of dietary lipid source and vitamin E on growth, non-specific immune response and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

Growth and immune response of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) fed diets containing different lipid sources

Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and aquaculture in perspective

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Effects of substitution of dietary fish oil with a blend of vegetable oils on liver and peripheral blood leucocyte fatty acid composition, plasma prostaglandin E2and immune parameters in three strains of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Cited by 44 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of dietary lipid source and vitamin E on growth, non-specific immune response and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

Effect of dietary lipid source and vitamin E on growth, non-specific immune response and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

Growth and immune response of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) fed diets containing different lipid sources

Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and aquaculture in perspective

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Effects of substitution of dietary fish oil with a blend of vegetable oils on liver and peripheral blood leucocyte fatty acid composition, plasma prostaglandin E₂and immune parameters in three strains of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)