Effects of submergence on growth and survival of saplings of three wetland trees differing in adaptive mechanisms for flood tolerance

Iwanaga, Fumiko; Tanaka, Kazuo; Nakazato, Ikue; Yamamoto, Fukuju

doi:10.5424/fs/2015241-03010

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Submergence stress in the WLFZ of the TGR usually occurs in autumn and winter, which correspond to the dormant period of T. distichum. In this context, the active response of T. distichum to submergence may relate to the 'tolerance' strategy in winter, corresponding to previous studies (Iwanaga et al 2015), and the storage of material during exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

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Response ofTaxodium distichumto winter submergence in the water-level-fluctuating zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir region

Wang

Wei

et al. 2019

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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This study investigated the physiological and ecological processes of Taxodium distichum in the water-level-fluctuating zone (WLFZ) of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). We determined the contents of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), N and P in the aboveground parts and root systems of T. distichum individuals that had experienced 3 yearly flooding cycles. These flooding cycles were driven by the operation of the reservoir in the Zhong County vegetation restoration demonstration area. This flooding inhibited the growth of T. distichum. The plant heights and canopy diameters of the flooded groups were significantly smaller than those of the control group. The flooding facilitated the synthesis of NSCs, and the soluble sugar content in the NSCs increased. The flooding inhibited the uptake of N and P, but the N/P ratios remained stable. The ratios of NSCs to N or P increased. T. distichum adapts well to submergence because of its regulation of NSC synthesis and storage, its balancing of the inputs of photosynthetic products to growth and storage, and its storage of material during exposure to maintain physiological activities during winter submergence and the energy sources required for growth during exposure. This study may provide a useful reference for use in vegetation reconstructions in areas with hydrological characteristics similar to those of the TGR. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Therefore, it is difficult for T. distichum to escape the flood stress in the reservoir region through rapid growth. This plant tends to adopt the 'tolerance' strategy (Iwanaga et al 2015) during the long submergence period of the WLFZ, thus placing greater demands on the material reserves of the plants (Ye and Zeng 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response ofTaxodium distichumto winter submergence in the water-level-fluctuating zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir region

Wang

Wei

et al. 2019

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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“…Frequent floods may increase tree mortality [65]. Reduced plant survival and growth in response to flooding is common among many species [30,36,66]. An investigation conducted in the TGDR found that S. matsudana and S. variegate were distributed in the water level fluctuation zone and they could endure 210 days of 5 m-deep submergence with a survival rate of 13% and 47%, respectively [62].…”

Section: Growth Response To Periodic Submergencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…With submergence increase, this phenomenon was more obvious. Former research found that Taxodium distichum as a high flooding-tolerant species also showed dieback in some apical shoots and no leaf expansion took place in submergence condition, moreover, dieback after water withdrawal became more serious [66]. In S. matsudana, shoot dieback also appeared under submergence.…”

Section: Growth Response To Periodic Submergencementioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Physiological Adaptation of Salix matsudana Koidz. to Periodic Submergence in the Hydro-Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir of China

Wang

Xie

et al. 2017

Forests

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Submergence-tolerant trees are essential for vegetation restoration of the hydro-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir (TGDR) area. Thus, it is of great significance to select the submergence-tolerant plant species by conducting in situ studies. To restore degraded riparian vegetation under the circumstances of dynamic impoundment of the TGDR, Salix matsudana Koidz., a flooding-tolerant native tree species, was introduced to conduct an in situ practical study to test its performance in re-vegetating and restoring the hydro-fluctuation zone of the TGDR. Effects of periodic moderate submergence (MS) and deep submergence (DS) on photosynthesis and growth of Salix matsudana Koidz. were investigated after three water cycles compared to a control (i.e., shallow submergence, abbreviated as SS) in order to specifically assess its application prospects in vegetation restoration under such extreme environment. Results showed that net photosynthetic rate (P n ), intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) and limiting value of stomata (Ls) of S. matsudana were significantly reduced in DS. However, pigment content had no significant change in all submergence treatments. Diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height of S. matsudana were significantly decreased in both MS and DS when compared to that of SS, respectively. In contrast, the primary branch number of S. matsudana was significantly increased as submergence increased. In addition, relative diameter and height growth rates of S. matsudana were also reduced under submergence. Considering the sustained growth of this species, S. matsudana saplings are tolerant to long-term periodic submergence and can be applied to the vegetative restoration of the hydro-fluctuation zone of the TGDR region.

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“…These responses imply different signaling pathways, and also have different postflooding responses (Voesenek and Bailey-Serres, 2015). When completely submerged, several trees, including willows, show an LOQS-type response (Iwanaga et al, 2015;Rodríguez et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floodwater Depth Causes Different Physiological Responses During Post-flooding in Willows

et al. 2021

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Willows are widely planted in areas under risk of flooding. The physiological responses of willows to flooding have been characterized, but little is known about their responses during the post-flooding period. After the end of the stress episode, plants may modify some traits to compensate for the biomass loss during flooding. The aim of this work was to analyze the post-flooding physiological responses of willow under two different depths of stagnant floodwater. Cuttings of Salix matsudana NZ692 clone were planted in pots in a greenhouse. The experiment started when the plants were 2 months old with the following treatments: Control plants (watered to field capacity); plants partially flooded 10 cm above soil level (F10) and plants partially flooded 40 cm above soil level (F40). The flooding episode lasted 35 days and was followed by a recovery period of 28 days (post-flooding period). After the flooding period, height, diameter and total biomass were higher in F10, while F40 plants showed an increase in plant adventitious root production and leaf nitrogen content. During the post-flooding period, the photosynthetic rate, nitrogen, chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents were significantly higher in leaves of F40 than in Control and F10 treatments. Stomatal conductance and specific leaf area were higher in the previously flooded plants compared to Control treatment. Plants from F10 treatments showed a higher growth in height, root-to-shoot ratio, and carbon isotope discrimination than F40, while the opposite occurred for growth in diameter, vessel size and leaf area. We conclude that depth of floodwater not only causes different responses during flooding, but that its effects are also present in the post-flooding recovery period, affecting the growth and physiology of willows once the stress episode has ended. Even when flooding impacted growth negatively in F40, in the post-flooding period these plants compensated by increasing the photosynthetic rate, plant leaf area and xylem vessel size. Willows endurance to flooding is the result of both responses during flooding, and plastic responses during post-flooding.

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Effects of submergence on growth and survival of saplings of three wetland trees differing in adaptive mechanisms for flood tolerance

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Response ofTaxodium distichumto winter submergence in the water-level-fluctuating zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir region

Response ofTaxodium distichumto winter submergence in the water-level-fluctuating zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir region

Growth and Physiological Adaptation of Salix matsudana Koidz. to Periodic Submergence in the Hydro-Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir of China

Floodwater Depth Causes Different Physiological Responses During Post-flooding in Willows

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