Effects of subchronic feeding of ginseng extract G115 in beagle dogs

Hess, Frederick G.; Parent, Richard A.; Stevens, K.; Cox, George E.; Becci, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(83)90275-2

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The root of Panax ginseng appeared nontoxic to rats, dogs, and humans (146,147). In inappropriate use, the most commonly experienced symptoms are hypertension, diarrhea, sleeplessness, mastalgia, eruptions, and vaginal bleeding (124,148).…”

Section: Adverse Effects and Drug Interaction Of Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ginseng in Medicine With Emphasis on Neurodegenerative Disorders

Gille²,

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Ginseng, the root of Panax species, is a well-known herbal medicine. It has been used as a traditional medicine in China, Korea, and Japan for thousands of years and is now a popular and worldwide used natural medicine. The active ingredients of ginseng are ginsenosides which are also called ginseng saponins. Recently, there is increasing evidence in the literature on the pharmacological and physiological actions of ginseng. However, ginseng has been used primarily as a tonic to invigorate week bodies and help the restoration of homeostasis. Current in vivo and in vitro studies have shown its beneficial effects in a wide range of pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, immune deficiency, and hepatotoxicity. Moreover, recent research has suggested that some of ginseng's active ingredients also exert beneficial effects on aging, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. In general, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immune-stimulatory activities are mostly underlying the possible ginseng-mediated protective mechanisms. Next to animal studies, data from neural cell cultures contribute to the understanding of these mechanisms that involve decreasing nitric oxide (NO), scavenging of free radicals, and counteracting excitotoxicity. In this review, we focus on recently reported medicinal effects of ginseng and summarize the current knowledge of its effects on CNS disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.

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Section: Adverse Effects and Drug Interaction Of Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ginseng in Medicine With Emphasis on Neurodegenerative Disorders

Gille²,

et al. 2006

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“…A careful evaluation of many of these reports has been published by Vogler et al 4 Early animal studies, conducted in dogs, reported no adverse effect of ginseng on body weight or blood chemistry 62 . In mice, the LD 50 for ginseng ranges from 10 to 30 g kg 21 (Ref.…”

Section: Safety Of Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mice, the LD 50 for ginseng ranges from 10 to 30 g kg 21 (Ref. 17), with a lethal oral dose of purified ginseng as high as 5 g kg 21 body weight 62 . In a 2 year human study, 14 out of a total of 133 subjects were reported to experience side effects attributed 3 Reducing power of NAGE: the method followed was that of Hu and Kitts 52 using L-ascorbic acid for comparison.…”

Section: Safety Of Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of ginseng

Kitts

2000

Public Health Nutr.

176

134

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Ginseng (Panax ginseng, C.A. Meyer) has been a popular herbal remedy used in eastern Asian cultures for thousands of years. In North America, the ginseng species indigenous to both Canada and the United States (Panax quinquefolium) represents an important industry for both domestic and export markets. There are numerous theories and claims describing the efficacy of ginseng, which can combat stress, enhance both the central and immune systems and contribute towards maintaining optimal oxidative status against certain chronic disease states and aging. Risk issues concerning the safety of ginseng at recommended dosages are less prominent and scientifically based. While some epidemiological or clinical studies have reported indications of efficacy for specific health benefits or potential toxicity, there are an equal number of studies that provide contradictory evidence. This situation has led to questionable conclusions concerning specific health benefits or risks associated with ginseng. Recent advances in the development of standardized extracts for both Panax ginseng (G-115) and Panax quinquefolius (CNT-2000) have and will continue to assist in the assessment of efficacy and safety standards for ginseng products. This paper reviews the scientific literature and evidence for ginseng efficacy and safety derived mostly from in vitro and animal studies and places emphasis on the need for more randomized, double-blinded, placebo clinical studies that can provide unequivocal conclusions. An example of the efficacy and safety of ginseng is provided with the description of biological activity of a North American ginseng extract (NAGE), which includes illustrating mechanisms for antioxidant activity without prooxidant properties.

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“…Chronic toxicity studies of gingseng extract were performed, and no toxic effects were found (Popov and Goldwag, 1973;Bittles et al, 1979;Hess et al, 1982Hess et al, , 1983). However, the dose level used in gingseng extract toxicity studies was considered low (Chan and Fu, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%