Effects of Subchronic Exposures to Concentrated Ambient Particles (CAPs) in Mice: IV. Characterization of Acute and Chronic Effects of Ambient Air Fine Particulate Matter Exposures on Heart-Rate Variability

Chen, Lung Chi; Hwang, Jing-Shiang

doi:10.1080/08958370590912789

Cited by 85 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The first subchronic study, conducted in Tuxedo, NY, in spring/summer 2003, consisted of 5-6 months of daily exposures (5 days/week, 6 hr/day) in ApoE −/-mice. Results of this large study were reported in a special issue of Inhalation Toxicology Hwang et al, 2005;Chen and Hwang, 2005;Chen and Nadziejko, 2005;Gunnison and Chen, 2005;Veronesi et al, 2005;Lippmann et al, 2005aLippmann et al, , 2005b. However, none of these papers evaluated the potential influence of CAPs composition on longterm biological responses.…”

Section: Toxicological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term particulate matter exposure: Attributing health effects to individual PM components

Wyzga

Rohr

2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

109

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While most in the scientific community are of the opinion that the composition of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is an important driver of resultant health effects, there is still some degree of uncertainty regarding those components considered to be most harmful. Reviews of the subject from several perspectives have been published, but to our knowledge a comprehensive review of the epidemiological and toxicological literature related to long-term exposure to PM 2.5 components does not exist. We reviewed published epidemiological studies that were of a cohort design, included at least one PM component as well as PM 2.5 mass, and included quantitative analysis to relate health outcomes to individual components. Toxicological studies were included if they were ≥5 months in duration and either included at least one PM component as well as PM mass or focused on a specific PM or emissions type. Overall, we find that epidemiological and toxicological evidence for long-term effects of PM components is limited, in contrast to the short-term literature, which is more plentiful. Epidemiological literature suggests that a number of components are associated with health effects, and that no component is unequivocally not so associated. Toxicological studies that can more easily identify potentially causal components are generally limited to long-term studies using concentrated ambient particles (CAPs), of which few long-term studies exist. Epidemiological study designs that utilize existing monitoring data routinely collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency would be valuable additions to the literature, as would novel toxicological studies that incorporate innovative designs to separate components or groups of components, such as denuders, filtration, or other approaches. From a policy perspective, it is important to more comprehensively investigate this issue so that if particular constituents are determined to be more potent in inducing health effects, their sources can be controlled.Implications: Understanding the components of PM 2.5 that are most harmful to human health is a critical policy issue. This review examined the epidemiological and toxicological literature related to long-term exposure to PM components and found that, unlike the literature on short-term health effects, there is insufficient information to make clear inferences about causal components. There is a need for further research in this area to exploit existing PM monitoring data in epidemiological studies and to design experimental studies that are able to tease out the effects of multiple constituents.

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Section: Toxicological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term particulate matter exposure: Attributing health effects to individual PM components

Wyzga

Rohr

2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

109

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“…These include people recovering from myocardial infarction (MI), those with congestive heart failure or hypertension, and diabetic and geriatric populations; similar associations regarding decreases in HRV and adverse outcomes have been established for these groups. Most recently, investigations of HRV have been applied to animal models and environmental health researchers in particular have begun to explore the use of this physiological measure as an outcome in epidemiological [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] or animal toxicological [10][11][12][13][14] studies. Although the generation of HRV data is relatively straightforward, the complexity of its interpretation can often lead to misuse and inappropriate conclusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate variability in rodents: uses and caveats in toxicological studies

et al. 2007

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Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of cardiac pacing dynamics that has recently garnered a great deal of interest in environmental health studies. While the use of these measures has become popular, much uncertainty remains in the interpretation of results, both in terms of human and animal research. In humans, HRV endpoints, specifically chronic alterations in baseline HRV patterns, have been reasonably well characterized as prognostic indicators of adverse outcomes for a variety of diseases. However, such information is lacking for reversible HRV changes that may be induced by short-term exposures to environmental toxicants. Furthermore, there are minimal substantive data, either acute or chronic, regarding the pathological interpretation or prognostic value of toxicant-induced changes in HRV in rodents. The present report summarizes the physiological and clinical aspects of HRV, the methodological processes for obtaining these endpoints, and previous human and animal studies in the field of environmental health. Furthermore, we include a discussion of important caveats and recommendations for the interpretation of HRV data in animal research.

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“…371 In general, reductions in several measures of HRV have been shown. [372][373][374][375][376] Most of the recent research has focused on exploring the roles of susceptibility and exposure characteristics. Decreases in heart rate and HRV indices have been reported to be pronounced in senescent mice, which indicates that aging may be a susceptibility factor.…”

Section: Vascular Dysfunction and Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease

Brook¹,

Rajagopalan²,

Pope³

et al. 2010

Circulation

5,194

3,225

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Abstract-In 2004, the first American Heart Association scientific statement on "Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease" concluded that exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In the interim, numerous studies have expanded our understanding of this association and further elucidated the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved. The main objective of this updated American Heart Association scientific statement is to provide a comprehensive review of the new evidence linking PM exposure with cardiovascular disease, with a specific focus on highlighting the clinical implications for researchers and healthcare providers. The writing group also sought to provide expert consensus opinions on many aspects of the current state of science and updated suggestions for areas of future research. On the basis of the findings of this review, several new conclusions were reached, including the following: Exposure to PM Ͻ2.5 m in diameter (PM 2.5 ) over a few hours to weeks can trigger cardiovascular disease-related mortality and nonfatal events; longer-term exposure (eg, a few years) increases the risk for cardiovascular mortality to an even greater extent than exposures over a few days and reduces life expectancy within more highly exposed segments of the population by several months to a few years; reductions in PM levels are associated with decreases in cardiovascular mortality within a time frame as short as a few years; and many credible pathological mechanisms have been elucidated that lend biological plausibility to these findings. It is the opinion of the writing group that the overall evidence is consistent with a causal relationship between PM 2.5 exposure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This body of evidence has grown and been strengthened substantially since the first American Heart Association scientific statement was published. Finally, PM 2.5 exposure is deemed a modifiable factor that contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. (Circulation. 2010;121:2331-2378.)

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Effects of Subchronic Exposures to Concentrated Ambient Particles (CAPs) in Mice: IV. Characterization of Acute and Chronic Effects of Ambient Air Fine Particulate Matter Exposures on Heart-Rate Variability

Cited by 85 publications

References 30 publications

Long-term particulate matter exposure: Attributing health effects to individual PM components

Long-term particulate matter exposure: Attributing health effects to individual PM components

Heart rate variability in rodents: uses and caveats in toxicological studies

Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease

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