Effects of Subanesthetic Concentrations of Isoflurane and Their Interactions with Epinephrine on Acquisition and Retention of the Rabbit Nictitating Membrane Response

The change of circulating insulin like growth factor binding protein 7 levels may correlate with postoperative cognitive dysfunction

“…Several studies have confirmed that anesthetics lead to cognitive impairment [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. However, the mechanism of the influence of anesthetics on neurological functions is not completely understood.…”

Lesions of the Basolateral Amygdala Complex Block Propofol-induced Amnesia for Inhibitory Avoidance Learning in Rats

“…This would be important information to know, before one could completely conclude that activity in the BLAC is required for the amnesia of general anesthesia to occur. There may be a way to test the amnesia associated with deeper levels of anesthesia in completely anesthetized animals using some form of conditioning, 35 but exactly how best to do this, 36 especially in relation to the amygdala, is not entirely clear. In addition, to generalize the present findings to the realm of general anesthesia per se, volatile agents must be tested in the present paradigm.…”

An Investigation of Learning during Propofol Sedation and Anesthesia Using the Process Dissociation Procedure

“…Surgery may facilitate learning by increasing levels of circulating catecholamines, which are known to modulate learning. [25][26][27] There is some evidence from animal studies that epinephrine enables learning during anesthesia, 28 -30 although El-Zahaby et al 31 failed to replicate this finding. Lubke et al 32 recently studied learning during isoflurane anesthesia in trauma patients.…”