Effects of Structure, Composition, and Stress on the Laser Damage Threshold of Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Single Films and Multilayers

Austin, R. Russel; Michaud, Raymond; Guenther, Arthur H.; Putman, Joseph

doi:10.1364/ao.12.000665

Cited by 39 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The interaction of high-power lasers with solid materials causes material removal through processes such as laser vaporization, desorption, sputtering, ejection, etching, spallation, and plasma generation. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Besides continuous research on laser ablation mechanisms, an enormous amount of research on applications using laser ablation has been performed. 9 -15 One recent and effective application is surface decontamination and cleaning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Generation by Ultraviolet-Laser Ablation during Surface Decontamination

Lee

Cheng

2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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A novel photonic decontamination method was developed for removal of pollutants from material surfaces. Such a method relies on the ability of a high-energy laser beam to ablate materials from a contaminated surface layer, thus producing airborne particles. In this paper, the authors presented the results obtained using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) system and an aerosol particle sizer (APS). Particles generated by laser ablation from the surfaces of cement, chromium-embedded cement, and alumina were experimentally investigated. Broad particle distributions from nanometer to micrometer in size were measured. For stainless steel, virtually no particle Ͼ500 nm in aerodynamic size was detected. The generated particle number concentrations of all three of the materials were increased as the 266-nm laser fluence (millijoules per square centimeter) increased. Among the three materials tested, cement was found to be the most favorable for particle removal, alumina next, and stainless steel the least. Chromium (dropped in cement) showed almost no effects on particle production. For all of the materials tested except for stainless steel, bimodal size distributions were observed; a smaller mode peaked at ϳ50 -70 nm was detected by SMPS and a larger mode (peaked at ϳ0.70 -0.85 m) by APS. Based on transmission electron microscopy observations, the authors concluded that particles in the range of 50 -70 nm were aggregates of primary particles, and those of size larger than a few hundred nanometers were produced by different mechanisms, for example, massive object ejection from the material surfaces. INTRODUCTIONLaser ablation is defined as the removal of material by laser irradiation from a surface of the material. Removed materials may be in the form of particulate matter, solid and/or liquid, and vapors. The interaction of high-power lasers with solid materials causes material removal through processes such as laser vaporization, desorption, sputtering, ejection, etching, spallation, and plasma generation. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Besides continuous research on laser ablation mechanisms, an enormous amount of research on applications using laser ablation has been performed. 9 -15 One recent and effective application is surface decontamination and cleaning. [11][12][13]16 Laser ablation can be applied, for example, for decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) of nuclear facilities at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) complexes across the United States. For D&D applications, previous results 17 showed that laser ablation with an ultraviolet (UV) wavelength (266-nm) pulsed laser was most effective in particle generation compared with that with lasers of other (1064-or 532-nm) wavelengths. In this paper, the authors report, in detail, the production and transformation of particles when the UV laser was used on selected surrogate surfaces: Portland cement (cement) with or without a toxic heavy metal, chromium (Cr), prepared under laboratory conditions, stainless steel 316, and pure alumina (Al 2 O 3 ). The f...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Generation by Ultraviolet-Laser Ablation during Surface Decontamination

Lee

Cheng

2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…The interaction of high-power lasers with solid materials causes material removal through laser vaporization, desorption, sputtering, ejection, etching, spallation, plasma generation, etc. There have been continuous efforts to understand the ablation mechanisms (e.g., Caruso & Gratton, 1968;Austin, Michaud, Guenther, & Putman, 1973;Dreyfus, McDonald, & Von Gutfeld, 1987;Wood, Leboeuf, Chen, Geohegan, & Puretzky, 1998;Yilbas, Shuja, Arif, & Gondal, 2003;Zhigilei, 2003, and references therein), but there remain many unknowns. Simultaneously, there have been a number of reports on laser-ablation applications in industries such as medical surgery, materials processing (Houriet, Vacassy, & Hofmann, 1999;Korte et al, 1999), micromachining (Schäfer, Ihlemann, Marowsky, & Herman, 2001;Strgar & Možina, 2002), and decontamination (Schmidt, Li, & Spencer, 2001;Li, 2002;Minami, Lawrence, Li, Edwards, & Gale, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of nanoparticle generation during surface decontamination by laser ablation at low fluence

Lee

Cheng

2004

Journal of Aerosol Science

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Through laser ablation processes, significant amounts of particles can be generated from a surface of cement, stainless steel, or alumina. The minimal laser fluence (mJ cm −2 ), or threshold energy, required to produce a detectable amount of particles (100 particles cm −3 ) was investigated experimentally. The threshold energy was wavelengthdependent and was found to be the greatest for a pure material, alumina, then for a complex mixture, cement, and least for a simple mixture, stainless steel. The threshold energy requirement for three tested materials was found to be significantly higher for the IR (1064-nm) laser; it was 2.4-10.1 times higher than for the UV (266-nm) laser and 9.1-15.2 times higher than for the Vis (532-nm) laser. Interestingly, the UV laser has a higher threshold energy (1.5-4.0 times higher) than the Vis does. A log-log linear model was found to correlate particle production with the laser fluence of all three wavelengths. Of the three materials tested, stainless steel produced the most particles at a given fluence while alumina produced the fewest. Hypotheses of the particle generation mechanisms based upon the observations are also given here. ᭧

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“…In the past four decades, considerable research efforts have been devoted to increasing the damage threshold of multilayer mirrors and polarizers. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] These efforts have led to substantial improvements of the quality of such optical components by decreasing the numbers of defects in the coatings, 8 improving the material properties of the films (e.g. reducing the optical absorption), [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] optimizing and controlling the thin film design and spectral performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Growth of laser-induced damage during repetitive illumination of HfO2/SiO2 multilayer mirror and polarizer coatings</title>

1997

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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Laser Materials Department, Livermore, California 94550. ABSTRACTAs designers want to increase the peak fluence of high power laser, it becomes necessary to tolerate some damage on mirrors and polarizers. To quantify how the different types of damage morphologies initiate and grow during repetitive illumination, hafnia-silica multilayer mirror and polarizer coatings were laser damage tested. The coatings were prepared by e-beam evaporation and irradiated with a 3-ns-pulse at 1064 nm.The morphology of laser-induced damage was recorded after each shot to determine the types of damage that cause massive unstable failure and lower the optic's functional damage threshold. The results of the tests were summarized on damage stability maps plotting the average damage size as a function of the number of shots for fluences ranging from 10 to 40 J/cm The results show that the delaminate damage morphology should be prevented. This knowledge has allowed coatings development efforts to focus on eliminating the origin of such damage morphology.

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Effects of Structure, Composition, and Stress on the Laser Damage Threshold of Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Single Films and Multilayers

Cited by 39 publications

References 1 publication

Particle Generation by Ultraviolet-Laser Ablation during Surface Decontamination

Particle Generation by Ultraviolet-Laser Ablation during Surface Decontamination

Investigations of nanoparticle generation during surface decontamination by laser ablation at low fluence

<title>Growth of laser-induced damage during repetitive illumination of HfO2/SiO2 multilayer mirror and polarizer coatings</title>

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