Effects of stroboscopic rearing on the binocularity and directionality of cat superior colliculus neurons

Flandrin, J. M.; Kennedy, Henry; Amblard, B.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90481-9

Cited by 34 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, there may be differences between fish and frog in the effect of strobe on ganglion cell properties. In mammals, the receptive field properties of tectal cells (Chalupa and Rhodes, 1978;Flandrin et al, 1976;Kennedy et al, 1980) as well as those of visual cortex (Cynader et al, 1973;Cynader and Chernenko, 1976;Olson and Pettigrew, 1974;Kennedy and Orban, 1983) are altered by strobe rearing during early life. In both structures, directional selectivity and normal timing of responses are lost.…”

Section: Other Parallels Between the Effects Of Strobe And Ttx In Golmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity sharpens the regenerating retinotectal projection in goldfish: Sensitive period for strobe illumination and lack of effect on synaptogenesis and on ganglion cell receptive field properties

Eisele¹,

Schmidt²

1988

J. Neurobiol.

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The regenerating optic nerve of goldfish first reestablishes a rough retinotopic map on the contralateral tectum and then sharpens it. Disruption of visual activity, either by blocking activity with intraocular tetrodotoxin (TTX; Schmidt and Edwards, 1983) or by synchronizing activity with strobe illumination (Schmidt and Eisele, 1985), disrupts the sharpening process: the map is correctly oriented but the multiunit receptive fields at each point average 25-40 degrees in diameter. In order to test whether strobe and TTX interfere with the same mechanism, we have tested whether their sensitive periods are the same, and whether strobe, like TTX treatment, does not affect either ganglion cell receptive field properties or synaptogenesis. In parallel studies, we exposed fish to 2 weeks of either strobe illumination or intraocular TTX beginning at various times after crush and determined via electrophysiological recordings that the periods of sensitivity were nearly identical. There was no effect of either treatment during the first 2 weeks (before the fibers arrive at the tectum), maximal disruption of sharpening between 14 and 50 days (the period of rapid synaptogenesis), decreasing disruption between 50 and 125 days, and no effect beyond that point or in the normal projection. In addition, long strobe exposures of up to 142 days produced no greater disruptions than shorter 2-3-week exposures, indicating no cumulative effect. The reestablishment of synaptic transmission in tectum, assayed by recording field potentials elicited by optic nerve shock, was not affected by stroboscopic illumination. Finally, individual ganglion cells, recorded intraretinally following long-term strobe exposure, had receptive fields that were normal both in size and in their characteristic responses to light-on, to light-off, or to both on and off. These findings support the hypothesis that strobe-like TTX prevents retinotopic refinement by preventing the correction of errors initially made by the ingrowing optic axons (Schmidt et al., 1988).

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Section: Other Parallels Between the Effects Of Strobe And Ttx In Golmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity sharpens the regenerating retinotectal projection in goldfish: Sensitive period for strobe illumination and lack of effect on synaptogenesis and on ganglion cell receptive field properties

Eisele¹,

Schmidt²

1988

J. Neurobiol.

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“…At both the collicular (Flandrin, Kennedy & Amblard, 1976) and cortical (Cynader, Berman & Hein, 1973;Olson & Pettigrew, 1974;Cynader & Chernenko, 1976) levels this manipulation has been shown to reduce the incidence of directional selectivity and also to induce changes in the distribution of ocular dominance. Stroboscopic rearing has also been demonstrated to decrease the number of orientation selective cortical neurones and to increase the proportion of these cells responsive to stroboscopic illumination (Cynader et al 1973;Olson & Pettigrew, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For 12 h each day the chamber was illuminated twice every second by a 4 psec flash from a General Radio (Model 1543) strobe unit. This flash rate has been demonstrated to alter the receptive field properties of both cortical (Olson & Pettigrew, 1974) and collicular (Flandrin, Kennedy & Amblard, 1976) neurones in the cat. The restriction chamber was placed in a light-tight room and all animal maintenance was carried out under stroboscopic illumination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rearing cats in such an environment has been shown to produce changes in the functional organization of the visual cortex (Olson & Pettigrew, 1974;Cynader, Berman & Hein, 1973;Cynader & Chernenko, 1976) as well as the superior colliculus (Flandrin & Jeannerod, 1975;Flandrin, Kennedy & Amblard, 1976). Since in the cat, visual deprivation also markedly alters the response properties of many cortical and superior collicular neurones (see Barlow, 1975, for a review) the interpretation of the results of stroberearing, as well as other visual restriction experiments is complicated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modification of visual response properties in the superior colliculus of the golden hamster following stroboscopic rearing

Chalupa

Rhoades

1978

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Visual response properties of superior collicular neurones were investigated in golden hamsters reared from birth to adulthood in a stroboscopic environment.2. In comparison to normally reared animals, there was a marked decrease in the incidence of directionally selective cells in the colliculus of the strobe-reared hamsters. This effect was apparent when directional selectivity was determined by either the null criterion or a statistical measure. The reduction in directionally selective cells was found in both superficial and the deep layers of the colliculus.3. Neurones in strobe-reared hamsters also exhibited a different speed preference distribution from that obtained for normal animals, in that more cells in the restricted hamsters responded only to slow velocities, and less were broadly tuned with regard to the speed of moving stimuli.4. In addition to the effects obtained in dynamic response properties, there were also changes in the static response properties of superior collicular neurones. These were an increase in the proportion of cells whose responses were not affected by changing the size of a stationary flashed stimulus, and a concomitant decrease in the number of cells demonstrating either partial or complete suppression when the size of a flashed stimulus exceeded the boundaries of the receptive field activating region. Furthermore, while all cells which responded to stationary stimuli in normal animals yielded only phasic responses to stimulus onset and/or offset, in the strobe-reared hamsters eight cells were encountered which responded in a sustained fashion to stationary spots.5. There was no indication of an increased responsivity in the restricted animals to strobe stimulation, even when a strobe rate identical to that employed in the rearing environment was employed.6. The results were interpreted as indicating a disruption of normal visual functional organization in the hamster's superior colliculus by an aberrant visual input during development.

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The Superior Colliculus and Visual Function

Schiller

1984

Comprehensive Physiology

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Effects of stroboscopic rearing on the binocularity and directionality of cat superior colliculus neurons

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Activity sharpens the regenerating retinotectal projection in goldfish: Sensitive period for strobe illumination and lack of effect on synaptogenesis and on ganglion cell receptive field properties

Activity sharpens the regenerating retinotectal projection in goldfish: Sensitive period for strobe illumination and lack of effect on synaptogenesis and on ganglion cell receptive field properties

Modification of visual response properties in the superior colliculus of the golden hamster following stroboscopic rearing

The Superior Colliculus and Visual Function

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