Effects of stress on the immune system

Khansari, David N.; Murgo, Anthony J.; Faith, Robert E.

doi:10.1016/0167-5699(90)90069-l

Cited by 603 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The sex bias may therefore reflect differences in susceptibility, potentially related to variation in the ability to mount an effective immune response. Increased levels of testosterone are known to depress both cell-and humoral-mediated immune responses in reproductively active males (Klein, 2000;Saino et al, 2000), while stress-related corticosteroids are known to confound the production of antibodies (Khansari et al, 1990). This may explain why it is older males that are most at risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dynamics of Murid Gammaherpesvirus 4 Within Wild, Sympatric Populations of Bank Voles and Wood Mice

Telfer

Bennett

Carslake

et al. 2007

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Murid gammaherpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4) is widely used as a small animal model for understanding gammaherpesvirus infections in man. However, there have been no epidemiological studies of the virus in wild populations of small mammals. As MuHV-4 both infects cells associated with the respiratory and immune systems and attempts to evade immune control via various molecular mechanisms, infection may reduce immunocompetence with potentially serious fitness consequences for individuals. Here we report a longitudinal study of antibody to MuHV-4 in a mixed assemblage of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) and wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) in the UK. The study was conducted between April 2001 and March 2004. Seroprevalence was higher in wood mice than bank voles, supporting earlier work that suggested wood mice were the major host even though the virus was originally isolated from a bank vole. Analyses of both the probability of having antibodies and the probability of initial seroconversion indicated no clear seasonal pattern or relationship with host density. Instead, infection risk was most closely associated with individual characteristics, with heavier males having the highest risk. This may reflect individual variation in susceptibility, potentially related to variability in the ability to mount an effective immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dynamics of Murid Gammaherpesvirus 4 Within Wild, Sympatric Populations of Bank Voles and Wood Mice

Telfer

Bennett

Carslake

et al. 2007

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Stress is suspected to play a role in the etiology of many diseases, and numerous elegant studies have shown that stress can be immunosuppressive and, hence, may be detrimental to health (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). However, we have suggested that, under certain conditions, a stress response may enhance immune function and prepare the immune system for challenges (e.g., wounding or infection) that may be imposed by a stressor, just as a stress response prepares the nervous, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neuroendocrine systems for fight or flight (1,3,(13)(14)(15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-induced enhancement of skin immune function: A role for γ interferon

Dhabhar

Satoskar

Bluethmann

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

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Contrary to the widespread belief that stress is necessarily immunosuppressive, recent studies have shown that, under certain conditions, stress can induce a significant enhancement of a skin cellmediated immune response [delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) or contact hypersensitivity]. Adrenal stress hormones and a stressinduced trafficking of leukocytes from the blood to the skin have been identified as systemic mediators of this immunoenhancement. Because ␥ interferon (IFN␥) is an important cytokine mediator of DTH, the studies described here were designed to examine its role as a local mediator of the stress-induced enhancement of skin DTH. The effect of acute stress on skin DTH was examined in wild-type and IFN␥ receptor-deficient (IFN␥R؊͞؊) mice that had previously been sensitized with 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene. Acutely stressed wild-type mice showed a significantly larger DTH response than nonstressed mice. In contrast, IFN␥R؊͞؊ mice failed to show a stress-induced enhancement of skin DTH. Immunoneutralization of IFN␥ in wild-type mice significantly reduced the stress-induced enhancement of skin DTH. In addition, an inflammatory response induced by direct IFN␥ administration to the skin was significantly enhanced by acute stress. Our results suggest that IFN␥ is an important local mediator of a stress-induced enhancement of skin DTH. These studies are clinically relevant because, depending on the nature of the antigen, DTH reactions mediate numerous protective (e.g., resistance to viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal infections) or pathological (e.g., autoimmune reactions and contact sensitivity reactions such as that to poison ivy) immune responses.

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“…18) Immobilization-Stress Activity Stress represents the reaction of the body to stimuli that disturb its normal physiological equilibrium or homeostasis, often with detrimental effects, and therefore the weight of internal organs related to the immune system is changed by immobilized stress. 9,19) As shown in Table 1, the weight of the liver, spleen, thymus, and thyroid decreased, but that of the adrenal gland increased significantly (pϽ0.1) with the immobilization stress. Therefore it was assumed that the immobilized stress method used in this study was suitable.…”

Section: Mycelial Growthmentioning

confidence: 96%

Antifatigue and Antistress Effect of the Hot-Water Fraction from Mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis

Koh

Kim

et al. 2003

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms have been used in folk medicine throughout the world since ancient times. Edible higher Basidiomycetes are well known for their nutritional value and acceptability as well as their pharmacological properties. Mushrooms are a nutritionally functional food and a source of physiologically beneficial and noninvective medicines. 1) Various physiological properties (pharmacological effects) such as bioregulation (immunological enhancement), maintenance of homeostasis, regulation of biorhythm, cure of disease, prevention and improvement of diseases such as cancer, cerebral stroke, and heart disease are affected by mushrooms. It was also confirmed that mushrooms contain effective substances for decreasing serum cholesterol, improving hyperlipemia, antithrombotic effects, reduction of blood pressure, hypoglycemic action, and various other applications. 2) It was also found that the medicinal properties of cultured mycelia of Cordyceps sp. were as effective as those of the wild species.3) The typical Cordyceps used in traditional oriental medicine is Cordyceps sinensis which forms the fruiting body on the larvae of moths. C. sinensis is also known to have an effect on physiological systems: inhibition of the proliferation of human glomerular mesangial cells, 4) significant contribution to hypotensive activity, 5) and enhancement of Kupffer cell function. 6) However, since most of these physiologically active substances in various Cordyceps sp. were extracted from natural or solid cultured stromata, only a few active substances have been developed for pharmaceutical use. Recently, artificial media for high mass production have been developed in Korea to provide many opportunities for practical use. According to Koh et al.,7) the hot-water (HW) fraction of submerged cultured mycelia of C. sinensis stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow cells through Peyer's patch cells and has bioactivity.Therefore we studied the chemical components and the effects of the HW fraction, the most potent fraction in enhancing immune activity, against stimulus-induced fatigue and stress in vivo using rats and mice. MATERIALS AND METHODSMicroorganism and Materials C. sinensis from Sanming Microbiological Institute in China was used in this experiment. The medium used for liquid culture contained the following per liter: 100 g of molasses, 1 g of yeast extract, and 3 g of K 2 HPO 4 . The submerged cultivation of C. sinensis was carried out at 150 rpm, 25°C, pH 5, and an airflow rate of 1.0 vvm for 7 d in a 5-l jar fermenter using liquid culture medium. The enzymatic kits to estimate the levels of cholesterol, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), akaline phosphatase (ALP) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.).Animals Male ICR mice (6-8 weeks old) and SpragueDawley rats (6-8 weeks old) were purchased from DaihanBiolink Co. (Korea). Before adaptation, these animals were fed a commercial chow pellet diet (Samyang Co., Korea) containing the f...

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Effects of stress on the immune system

Cited by 603 publications

References 46 publications

The Dynamics of Murid Gammaherpesvirus 4 Within Wild, Sympatric Populations of Bank Voles and Wood Mice

The Dynamics of Murid Gammaherpesvirus 4 Within Wild, Sympatric Populations of Bank Voles and Wood Mice

Stress-induced enhancement of skin immune function: A role for γ interferon

Antifatigue and Antistress Effect of the Hot-Water Fraction from Mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis

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