Effects of straw and straw-derived biochar on bacterial diversity in soda saline-alkaline paddy soil

Abstract

Purpose In order to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of soda saline-alkaline paddy soil, the pot experiment was performed to explore the effects of rice straw and straw-derived biochar on the diversity of soil bacteria and community structure in soda saline-alkaline soil. Methods The experiment was four gradients of straw return (3 (RS1), 7.5 (RS2), 12 (RS3), and 16.5 (RS4) t/hm2) and four gradients of biochar return (3 (RB1), 7.5 (RB2), 12 (RB3), and 16.5 (RB4) t/hm2), using 0 t/hm2 as a control (CK). After 5 consecutive years of measuring straw returns, high-throughput sequencing was used to determine the relative abundance, alpha diversity, and changes in the community structure of soil bacteria. Result Our results demonstrated that straw return significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Sphingomonas and significantly reduced the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Parcubacteria, Anaeromyxobacter, Pontibacter, uncultured_bacterium_f_Draconibacteriaceae, and Bryobacter. Straw-derived biochar return significantly increased the relative abundance of uncultured_bacterium_f_Draconibacteriaceae and significantly reduced the relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Thiobacillus, and Anaeromyxobacter, indicating that both straw and its associated biochar return changed the relative abundance of the phyla and genera of some bacteria. Straw return affected bacteria phylum and genus more than straw-derived biochar. With the exception of the 16.5 t/hm2 straw return, which reduced bacterial richness, the treatments did not significantly impact alpha diversity. Compared with straw-derived biochar return, straw return significantly changed the bacterial community structure, and the higher the straw return, the higher the impact on the bacterial community structure. Redundancy analysis (RDA) demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between the physicochemical properties of the soil and the community structure of its bacteria. A Mantel test demonstrated that the content of available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter was all important environmental factors affecting community structure. Conclusion We speculate that straw return regulates the physicochemical properties of the soil, which affects the bacterial community structure.

Impact of Straw Incorporation on the Physicochemical Profile and Fungal Ecology of Saline–Alkaline Soil

“…Additionally, the application of straw to sandy loam and medium loam soil resulted in an increased relative abundance of Mortierella. The prevalence of fungal communities in Alternaria and Ascomycota, as indicated by previous research [62,63], aligns with the findings of our study. In their investigation, Guo et al ( 2022) examined the impact of straw incorporation on soil physicochemical characteristics and the diversity of fungal community structure.…”

Effects of Different Proportions of Organic Fertilizer in Place of Chemical Fertilizer on Microbial Diversity and Community Structure of Pineapple Rhizosphere Soil

“…To compare the relative levels of OTU diversity in all soil samples, the bacterial diversity index (Simpson, Shannon, InvSimpson) and richness (ACE, Chao1) were calculated based on Mothur software Version 1.45.3 [24,25]. To compare the bacterial community structure of soil samples, R (version 3.2.0) software was used for principal coordinates (PCoAs) based on Bray-Curtis distance [26] and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis.…”

Biochar drives changes in soil bacterial communities and cotton growth by improving nutrients availability under saline conditions

“…Moreover, the β-diversity of soil bacteria significantly differed according to biochar amounts and cotton growth stage (Figure 1b). Biochar changes soil physicochemical properties and the living environment of soil bacteria, inducing variations in soil bacterial β-diversity (Li et al, 2022). Biochar has different effects on soil nutrients at different stages.…”