Effects of strain and grain size on carbide precipitation and corrosion sensitization behavior in 304 stainless steel

Beltran, Reynalda; Maldonado, J.G.; Murr, Lawrence E.; Fisher, W.W.

doi:10.1016/s1359-6454(97)00106-7

Cited by 77 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, after reversing the direction of the curve, i.e., the reactivation curve, the maximum current (I R ) values differ considerably. The lower this value the lower the DoS, which is in agreement with results reported in the literature 8,22,24 . Table 1 summarizes the DoS found for each tested condition, while Figure 3 illustrates the behavior of DoS as a function of time at each temperature.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Also note that the DoS showed a rapid increase over time up to about 2-4 h, thereafter tending to remain approximately constant. This decrease in the DoS growth rate after a sharp initial increase is reported in the literature, and is usually attributed to the desensitization caused by the diffusion of Cr from chromium-rich to chromium-depleted regions 2,22,24 . According to Majidi & Streicher 25 , DoS values in the range of 0.0001 to 0.001 are associated with the step structure, while values ranging from 0.001 to 0.05 are attributed to the dual structure, and values higher than 0.05 to the ditch structure.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

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Use of Direct Current Resistivity Measurements to Assess AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Sensitization

et al. 2015

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This paper describes the feasibility of using direct current electrical resistivity measurements to evaluate AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel sensitization. ASTM A262 -Practice A and double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (DL-EPR) tests were performed to assess the degree of sensitization (DoS) qualitatively and quantitatively, and electrical resistivity (ER) was measured by the four-point direct-current potential drop method. The results indicate that the DoS increases rapidly while the ER decreases gradually in response to increasing sensitization. Thereafter, the two parameters tend to remain approximately constant. This behavior may be due to the rapid increase in the volume fraction of M 23 C 6 precipitates over a sensitization time of 4 to 6 hours, thereafter remaining relatively constant. The ER results, which were corroborated by other techniques used in this study, confirm the promising potential of this property to monitor the sensitization phenomenon in AISI 304 steel.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Use of Direct Current Resistivity Measurements to Assess AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Sensitization

et al. 2015

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“…Several investigations have been made by many researchers on the effect of grain size on the IGC of 300-series. [18][19][20] Beltran et al 21) performed studies on AISI 304 SS with three different grain sizes viz. 15, 40 and 150 μm (by straining).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Grain Size on Degree of Sensitization of Chrome-Manganese Stainless Steel

et al. 2013

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The use of chrome-manganese stainless steels (Cr-Mn SSs) of 200-series grade has tremendously increased in past few years in various applications like construction, home accessories, office appliances, light poles etc. Their mechanical properties, weldability and corrosion/oxidation resistance provide the best all-round performance stainless steels at relatively low cost. Therefore, they serve as an appropriate alternative to 300-series stainless steels now days. Similar to 300-series steels, Cr-Mn SSs are also submitted to various fabrication practices like welding, hot rolling, cold working, solution annealing or stress relieving processes. This leads to change in their grain size due to higher operating temperature during service. The grain size has a major influence on the intergranular corrosion (IGC) developed due to sensitization phenomena. Several investigations have been made on the influence of grain size on IGC behaviour of 300-series stainless steels, but this information about Cr-Mn SS is scanty till now. Therefore, in this paper an attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of grain growth on degree of sensitization (DOS) of Cr-Mn SS and finally concluded that the DOS decreases with increase in grain size.

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“…On the other hand, SMAT process can cause grain refinement at the surface of metals and decreases grain size significantly. According to Beltran et al [25], the sensitization is due to the carbide precipitation at the grain boundaries, which requires that the carbides nuclei in the grain boundaries attain a critical size. Furthermore, the growth and size of these carbides determine the extent of Cr depletion around the grain boundaries and DOS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of weld-decay in austenitic stainless steel by using surface mechanical attrition treatment

2012

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Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) was applied to the samples of a type AISI 304 stainless steel in order to induce grain refinement as well as formation of twins. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis results showed that the average grain size at the surface of the SMATed sample was about 10 nm. The untreated and SMATed samples were then welded using a one-pass gas tungsten arc procedure. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the samples was examined by optical microscopy and corrosion tests. Results of the double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation tests showed that the degree of sensitization in the HAZ for the SMATed sample was very low as compared to that of the untreated one. The pre-SMATed sample was resistant to intergranular corrosion. This is mainly due to the formation of high density of twins which are not prone to carbide precipitation because of their regular and coherent atomic structure and extreme low grain boundary energy as compared with those of other grain boundaries.

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Effects of strain and grain size on carbide precipitation and corrosion sensitization behavior in 304 stainless steel

Cited by 77 publications

References 17 publications

Use of Direct Current Resistivity Measurements to Assess AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Sensitization

Use of Direct Current Resistivity Measurements to Assess AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Sensitization

Effect of Grain Size on Degree of Sensitization of Chrome-Manganese Stainless Steel

Prevention of weld-decay in austenitic stainless steel by using surface mechanical attrition treatment

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