Effects of Stormwater and Snowmelt Runoff on ELISA-EQ Concentrations of PCDD/PCDF and Triclosan in an Urban River

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of stormwater and snowmelt runoff on the ELISA EQ PCDD/PCDF and triclosan concentrations in the small urban Sokołówka River (Central Poland). The obtained results demonstrate the decisive influence of hydrological conditions occurring in the river itself and its catchment on the quoted PCDD/PCDF ELISA EQ concentrations. The lowest PCDD/PCDF values of 87, 60 and 67 ng EQ L-1 in stormwater, the river and its reservoirs, respectively, were associated with the highest river flow of 0.02 m3 s-1 and high precipitation (11.2 mm) occurred five days before sampling. In turn, the highest values of 353, 567 and 343 ng EQ L-1 in stormwater, the river and its reservoirs, respectively, were observed during periods of intensive snow melting (stormwater samples) and spring rainfall preceded by a rainless phase (river and reservoir samples) followed by low and moderate river flows of 0.01 and 0.005 m3 s-1. An analogous situation was observed for triclosan, with higher ELISA EQ concentrations (444 to 499 ng EQ L-1) noted during moderate river flow and precipitation, and the lowest (232 to 288 ng EQ L-1) observed during high river flow and high precipitation preceded by violent storms. Stormwater was also found to influence PCDD/PCDF EQ concentrations of the river and reservoirs, however only during high and moderate flow, and no such effect was observed for triclosan. The study clearly demonstrates that to mitigate the high peaks of the studied pollutants associated with river hydrology, the increased in-site stormwater infiltration and purification, the development of buffering zones along river course and the systematic maintenance of reservoirs to avoid the accumulation of the studied micropollutants and their subsequent release after heavy rainfall are required.

Concentration of dioxin and screening level ecotoxicity of pore water from bottom sediments in relation to organic carbon contents

“…A detailed analytical procedure was described in our earlier study by Urbaniak et al ( 2016 ) and Kobusińska et al ( 2020 ). Briefly, a 125 μL of each calibration standard (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 ng EQ/L), the same volume of positive control (3 ng EQ/L) and pore water were mixed with an (125 μL) equal volume of an antibody solution and incubated in a glass tube for 60 min.…”

“…Among the contaminants of the aquatic environment, a significant role is played by persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) (Ying et al 2009 ; Förstner et al 2016 ; Roumak et al 2018 ; Urbaniak et al 2016 ). PCDDs/PCDFs toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation are widely recognised as posing a risk to living organisms (Nie et al 2013 ; Kukučka et al 2015 ).…”

The Application of Different Biological Remediation Strategies to PCDDs/PCDFs Contaminated Urban Sediments

“…To minimize the inflow of such pollutants to river ecosystems and their further transport along the river continuum, small dam reservoirs, sedimentation ponds and biofilters might be used. These constructions create ideal conditions for the sedimentation and deposition of particulate matter by decreasing the flow velocity, thus acting as efficient traps for associated compounds of urban origin [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. However, the accelerated accumulation of sediments and associated pollutants leads to rapid siltation of such constructions, and this requires periodical dredging of the accumulated sediments and their further utilization [7].…”

“…Nevertheless, urban sediments also contain other compounds with harmful properties, such as heavy metals, pesticides washed out from urban green areas, car oils from streets and parking areas, and a variety of other organic compounds of industrial or anthropogenic origin. One of the most toxic groups of compounds, which have carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, immunotoxic and neurotoxic properties, are polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) [9,10]. These pollutants are characterized by a wide range of occurrence in the urban water ecosystems, because their main source is the load of domestic and industrial wastewater, atmospheric emission and deposition as well as emission from other sources associated with human activity in the city space such as car traffic [10].…”

Recent Progress on the Detection of Dioxins Based on Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

“…在快速检测方面, 自 Nebert 等 [10] 提出 POPs 受体致毒机理以来, 基于 2,3,7,8-位取代 的二噁英单体与芳香烃受体(AhR)特异性结合的分析方 法开发一直是 POPs 类化合物速测的研究热点. 欧盟将 细胞生物检测法和试剂盒生物检测法作为 POPs 的筛选 方法 [11] , 具体包括 EROD 酶活力诱导法 [12,13] 、ELISA 酶 免疫分析法 [14,15] 等. 此外, 基于生物传感原理的方法也 有报道, 如荧光探针 [16] 、荧光定量 PCR [17] 、电化学生物 传感 [18] 等.…”