Effects of stocking density on growth performance, growth regulatory factors, and endocrine hormones in broilers under appropriate environments

Li, Xiu Mei; Zhang, Min Hong; Liu, Si Miao; Feng, Jing; Dan, Dan; Liu, Qing Xiu; Zhou, Ying; Wang, Xue Jie; Xing, Shuang

doi:10.3382/ps/pez505

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The results of the present study demonstrated that, HSD significantly decreased feed intake, and BWG, but did not improved FCR during the entire experimental period. These results were consistent with the findings of the previous studies, conducted in the litter flooring system, that reported reduced body weight gain and feed intake of chickens at HSD (Beloor et al, 2010;Shakeri et al, 2014;Madilindi et al, 2018;Li et al, 2019). Similarly, Abudabos et al (2013) and Rambau et al (2016) found no effect on FCR of increasing the stocking density of broilers from 30 to 40 kg/m 2 .…”

Section: Growth Performancesupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of stocking density on the performance, tibia mineralization, and the expression of hypothalamic appetite genes in broiler chickens

Liu

Bai

Zhang

et al. 2021

Annals of Animal Science

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The current study investigated the effects of stocking density (SD) on the performance, tibia mineralization, and the hypothalamic appetite genes expression in broilers. A total of 2,800 1-d-old male broilers (Cobb 500) were distributed in a completely randomized design to 1 of 5 SD treatments with 8 replicate cages for each treatment. The SD treatments were 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, 20.0, and 22.5 birds/m2, corresponding to 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 birds per cage (4 m2/cage), respectively. The concentration of tibia phosphorus was determined by the ammonium metavanadate colorimetric method and the mRNA abundance in different tissues was measured by the real-time quantitative PCR method. The data were analyzed by the one-way and/or two-way analysis of variance and polynomial contrasts were used to determine the effect of increasing SD. Feed intake linearly decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing SD during d 1-42 production period. On d 42, body weight and tibia breaking strength were significantly lower in the groups of 17.5, 20.0 and 22.5 birds/m2 than in the groups of 12.5 and 15 birds/m2 (P < 0.01). Concentrations of ash and phosphorus in the tibia of broilers linearly decreased (P < 0.03) with increasing SD on d 42. The SD of 22.5 birds/m2 decreased the mRNA abundance of neuropeptide Y (NPY), NPY-receptor (NPYR) 1, and NPYR2 (P < 0.05), while it increased melanocortin receptor 4 mRNA abundance (P = 0.012) in the hypothalamus of broilers as compared with the SD of 12.5 birds/m2 on d 21 and 42. The mRNA abundance of hypothalamic cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), and CRF-receptor 1 (CRFR1) were higher (P < 0.05) in the group of 22.5 birds/m2 than in the group of 12.5 birds/m2 on d 21. We concluded that increasing stocking density beyond 15 birds/m2 (corresponding to the 45 kg/m2 at 42 days of age) suppressed final BW and bone mineralization of broilers raised in multitier cage system. Hypothalamic NPY and CRF signaling might be involved in the anorexigenic effect of HSD.

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Section: Growth Performancesupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of stocking density on the performance, tibia mineralization, and the expression of hypothalamic appetite genes in broiler chickens

Liu

Bai

Zhang

et al. 2021

Annals of Animal Science

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“…In our study, increasing stocking density had a negative effect on growth performance of starter geese. High stocking density decreased the ADFI and ADG of geese from 1 to 14 d of age but not for FCR, which was in agreement with the results observed in starter ducks ( Xie et al., 2014 ) and broilers ( Li et al., 2019 ; Goo et al., 2019 ). The reason for these results has been associated with various environmental and behavioral factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Increasing stocking density can cause stress in animals, and stress can increase the serum concentrations of T 3 and T 4 ( Dai et al., 2011 ). Li et al. (2019) found that high stocking density significantly decreased serum T 4 levels, and did not affect serum T 3 levels in broilers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In general, stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, leading to the secretion of CORT from the adrenal gland ( Elenkov and Chtousos, 2006 ), and resulting in the suppression of growth ( Wingfield and Romero, 2011 ). Several researches have shown that high stocking density consistently increased the serum concentration of CORT ( Türkyilmaz, 2008 ; Shakeri et al., 2014 ; Li et al., 2019 ). On the contrary, stocking density did not result in a recognizable trend in CORT concentration ( Thaxton et al., 2006 ; Lee et al., 2017 ; Houshmand et al., 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of stocking density on growth performance, feather quality, serum hormone, and intestinal development of geese from 1 to 14 days of age

et al. 2021

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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of stocking density on growth performance, feather quality, serum hormone, and intestinal development of geese from 1 to 14 d of age. A total of 450 one-day-old geese were randomly allotted to 45 battery cage (0.65 m × 0.62 m) pens according to 5 stocking densities (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 birds/m 2 ). The results showed that ADG and ADFI were reduced ( P < 0.05) as stocking density increased from 15 to 35 birds/m 2 , but increasing stocking density did not influence ( P > 0.05) feed conversion ratio ( FCR ) and body measurement traits. High stocking density significantly decreased ( P < 0.05) the feather quality of back, thoracoabdominal, wing, and tail. No significant difference ( P > 0.05) was found in serum concentration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone, cortisol, corticosterone, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine. The weight of cecum and intestine decreased ( P < 0.05) as the stocking density increased. Increasing stocking density decreased ( P < 0.05) jejunal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, and increased ( P < 0.05) jejunal crypt depth and ileal crypt depth in geese. Consequently, the high stocking density could depress the growth and impaired feather quality and intestinal development of geese. Under our experimental conditions, we recommend that the stocking density of geese from 1 to 14 d of age should not more than 20 birds/m 2 .

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“…Although there are different studies investigating the effects of the stocking density on various behavioral and physiological changes in rodents (Arakawa, 2005;Smith et al, 2005;Whitaker et al, 2007), domestic hens (Simsek et al, 2014;Eugen et al, 2019), quail (Ayasan et al, 2000;Toplu and Fidan, 2008;Bahsi et al, 2016), fishes (Jia et al, 2016;Rayhan et al, 2018), pigs (Cornale et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2016;Larsen et al, 2018), broiler (Qaid et al, 2016;Li et al, 2019) and primates (Yamagiwa, 1999;Duncan et al, 2013), no studies have investigated its effect on antioxidant capacity. In the present study, therefore, the effect of the stocking density on the antioxidant capacity in the rats was examined.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yerleşim Sıklığının Sprague Dawley Ratlarda Büyüme Performansı, Bazı Serum Oksidatif ve Nitrosatif Stres Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

Genç

2020

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi

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Objective of his studywas to compare the growth performances of Sprague-Dawley female rats fed at normal and narrowed stocking density with certain stress parameters. 72 Sprague-Dawley female rats aged 4 weeks were used in the experiment. The average live weight per trial for normal and narrow stock density groups was calculated as 54.22 ± 2.65 and 55.53 ± 2.66 g. Animals' weekly weighs during a month indicated that as their weight increased, the floor area per animal gradually expanded. Female rats reach sexual maturity at 8-9 weeks. For this reason, the experiment was continued until the animals were 2 months old. Based on the weekly weighing results of the rats, it was found that live weights increased regularly for both groups and growth performances did not change according to stocking density (P>0.05). It was concluded that serum Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and Glutathione (GSH) values were affected by the stocking density and that significantly reduced in the rats fed at narrowed stocking density. On the other hand, Total Oxidant Capacity (TOC), Nitric Oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) values increased approximately 1.5 times in the rats at the group of narrowed stocking density. As a result, it was found that even if the increasing stocking density has no negative effect on the growth performance of the animals, it causes some physiological changes in blood values by stressing the animals. Therefore, in order to get the most accurate results in scientific studies, it must be paid attention to breed the animals at the ideal housing conditions.

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Effects of stocking density on growth performance, growth regulatory factors, and endocrine hormones in broilers under appropriate environments

Cited by 31 publications

References 44 publications

Effects of stocking density on the performance, tibia mineralization, and the expression of hypothalamic appetite genes in broiler chickens

Effects of stocking density on the performance, tibia mineralization, and the expression of hypothalamic appetite genes in broiler chickens

Effect of stocking density on growth performance, feather quality, serum hormone, and intestinal development of geese from 1 to 14 days of age

Yerleşim Sıklığının Sprague Dawley Ratlarda Büyüme Performansı, Bazı Serum Oksidatif ve Nitrosatif Stres Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

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