Effects of stocking density on growth performance, carcass yield, and immune status of a local chicken breed

Tong, Haibing; Lu, Jianwei; Zou, Jianmin; Wang, Q.; Shi, Shourong

doi:10.3382/ps.2011-01597

Cited by 75 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In this study no significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in bursa or spleen weight of the birds due to stocking density. Others are in agreement with our findings (Buijs et al, 2009;Tong et al, 2012;Houshmand et al, 2012). The effects of stocking density and Thr Levels on immune globulins are presented in Table 4.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

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Effects of Dietary Threonine Levels and Stocking Density on the Performance, Metabolic Status and Immunity of Broiler Chickens

Azzam¹,

El-Gogary²

2015

Asian J. of Animal and Veterinary Advances

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A total of 240 Cobb 500 broiler chicks, 18 days old, were allocated to 10 treatments groups, each of which included 4 replicates. Experimental treatments consisted of a 5×2 factorial arrangement with 5 levels of L-threonine (Thr) supplementation and 2 levels of stocking density (11.90 birds mG 2 as the normal stocking density or 16.66 birds mG 2 as the high stocking density). L-Thr was added to a basal diet at 0.0 (control group), 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 g kgG 1 diet. Dietary Thr values were 0.69, 0.71 (deficient), 0.74 (adequate; 100% NRC), 0.76 and 0. 79% (excess) of the current NRC recommendations. At 42 days of age, dietary Thr levels had no significant effect on performance, immunity, plasma total protein and glucose (GLU). However, plasma cholesterol (CHO) levels decreased significantly (p<0.05) with L-Thr supplementation and the lowest value occurred at 0.74% total dietary Thr. In addition, plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were higher (p<0.05) at 0.76% total dietary Thr compared with the control group. The normal stocking density resulted in better performance (p<0.05) compared with the high stocking density. However, stocking density did not affect plasma total protein, total Ig, IgG, IgM, total lipids, GLU, CHO, T3 and T4 levels. Interactions between Thr level and stocking density were observed for plasma levels of total lipids and cholesterol. In conclusion, total dietary Thr level at 0.69% (93% of NRC recommendations) is sufficient to improve broiler performance or immunity under high stocking density. However, 0.74% total dietary Thr level has a positive effect on decreasing plasma total lipids and cholesterol levels during growing-finishing phase.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In current study, stocking density had no affect on levels of plasma immune globulins (Table 4). Tong et al (2012) showed that no significant difference was noted in the immunological parameters due to different stocking density. However, Asian J.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Threonine Levels and Stocking Density on the Performance, Metabolic Status and Immunity of Broiler Chickens

Azzam¹,

El-Gogary²

2015

Asian J. of Animal and Veterinary Advances

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“…Our results corroborate with several literature studies that showed an impairment of performance parameters during overcrowding stress (Heckert et al, 2002;Dozier III et al, 2006;Estevez, 2007;Mtileni et al, 2007;Tong et al, 2012). Our data showed that overcrowding stress decreased weight gain and feed intake in overcrowded chickens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Overcrowding stress decreases macrophage activity and increasesSalmonellaEnteritidis invasion in broiler chickens

et al. 2014

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Overcrowding stress is a reality in the poultry industry. Chickens exposed to long-term stressful situations present a reduction of welfare and immunosuppression. We designed this experiment to analyse the effects from overcrowding stress of 16 birds/m 2 on performance parameters, serum corticosterone levels, the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius, plasma IgA and IgG levels, intestinal integrity, macrophage activity and experimental Salmonella Enteritidis invasion. The results of this study indicate that overcrowding stress decreased performance parameters, induced enteritis and decreased macrophage activity and the relative bursa weight in broiler chickens. When the chickens were similarly stressed and infected with Salmonella Enteritidis, there was an increase in feed conversion and a decrease in plasma IgG levels in the stressed and Salmonella-infected birds. We observed moderate enteritis throughout the duodenum of chickens stressed and infected with Salmonella. The overcrowding stress decreased the macrophage phagocytosis intensity and increased Salmonella Enteritidis counts in the livers of birds challenged with the pathogenic bacterium. Overcrowding stress via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that is associated with an increase in corticosterone and enteritis might influence the quality of the intestinal immune barrier and the integrity of the small intestine. This effect allowed pathogenic bacteria to migrate through the intestinal mucosa, resulting in inflammatory infiltration and decreased nutrient absorption. The data strengthen the hypothesis that control of the welfare of chickens and avoidance of stress from overcrowding in poultry production are relevant factors for the maintenance of intestinal integrity, performance and decreased susceptibility to Salmonella infection.

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“…The results of male and female carcass yield, presented in Table 8, show that male carcasses were not significantly different (p>0.05) among treatments. The results presented here are consistent with those reported by Tong et al (2012). As for the females, those fed the LF10diet had lower carcass yield compared with those fed the NF14 diet.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…These results are in agreement with those of Nguyen et al (2012), who showed that high energy and protein levels resulted in better FCR; and with results by Hernández et al (2012), who verified that low protein levels led to worse FCR. In the present experiment, the BW of male broilers fed LF and housed at high density was reduced, consistently with the results of Tong et al (2012). These results suggest that maintaining nutritional density and increasing housing density prevent obtaining good performance.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Comparison between linear and nonlinear systems of feed formulation for broilers

Dadalt

Butzen

Ribeiro

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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Two experiments were simultaneously carried out to compare feed formulation models: a linear model for minimum cost with a nonlinear model for maximum profitability for one-to 42-d-old broilers. One-dold male or female Cobb 500 broilers (n=2368) were allocated to one of the two trials according to sex. The experiments were performed simultaneously in an experimental poultry farm. Two housing densities were used: high density (HDH), with 14 birds/m 2 , and low density (LDH), with 10 birds/m 2 . The following treatments were evaluated: linear feed formulation and LDH (LF10); nonlinear formulation and LDH (NF10); linear formulation and HDH (LF14); and nonlinear formulation and HDH (NF14). A completely randomized design with four treatments of eight replicates each was applied. Performance and cost per kg of poultry were evaluated. Both formulation systems promoted similar broiler performance. However, the high-density feed using linear formulation reduced body weight in 42-d-old males, but not when nonlinear formulation was used. The NF10 treatment yielded the worst feed conversion ratio (p<0.05) and the lowest cost/kg broiler (p<0.05) for both sexes. The results demonstrate that the nutritional program that yields the best performance is not always the most economical one.

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Effects of stocking density on growth performance, carcass yield, and immune status of a local chicken breed

Cited by 75 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of Dietary Threonine Levels and Stocking Density on the Performance, Metabolic Status and Immunity of Broiler Chickens

Effects of Dietary Threonine Levels and Stocking Density on the Performance, Metabolic Status and Immunity of Broiler Chickens

Overcrowding stress decreases macrophage activity and increasesSalmonellaEnteritidis invasion in broiler chickens

Comparison between linear and nonlinear systems of feed formulation for broilers

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