Effects of stocking density on the growth performance, serum biochemistry, muscle composition and HSP70 gene expression of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Effects of stocking density on growth performance, survival and size heterogeneity of juvenile longfin batfishPlatax teira

“…teira at the lowest density treatment (317 fish/m 3 ) were significantly higher than those in the higher stocking densities (635–1,587 fish/m 3 ) (Table 1). These results were similar to Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru (Castillo‐Vargasmachuca et al., 2012) and juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Yang et al., 2020), which all found hindered growth performance at higher stocking densities. It suggested that higher stocking density promotes intraspecific competition for food or living space, which has a negative effect on the growth performance of farmed fish (Baras & Jobling, 2002; Boujard, Labbé, & Aupérin, 2002; Diana, Yi, & Lin, 2004).…”

“…In aquaculture, stocking density is an important issue that affects fish survival and growth (Chavez, Fang, & Carandang, 2011; Ebrahimi, Imanpoor, & Adlo, 2010). Previous studies have shown that higher densities can negatively affect the growth performance of some aquacultured species (Castillo‐Vargasmachuca et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2020). Conversely, high stocking densities may positively affect growth on other farm fishes (Pirozzi, Booth, & Pankhurst, 2009; Samad, Nan, & Lee, 2014).…”

“…peru (1.07 ± 0.01, Castillo‐Vargasmachuca et al., 2012) and golden pompano T . ovatus (2.66 ± 0.02, Yang et al., 2020). These differences could be attributable to the different rearing conditions, initial weight and experimental period.…”

Physiology: An Important Tool to Assess the Welfare of Aquatic Animals

“…This reduction of welfare conditions is reflected by the inhibition of the GH/IGF system [ 121 ], and by an enhanced catabolism of lipids and amino acids [ 117 ]. Stocking density can also modulate other cellular and immune responses [ 122 , 123 ]. Therefore, oxidative stress responses in plasma (i.e., CAT, SOD, GR, GST), and Hsp70 expression in brain, liver, and kidney can be used as biomarkers of long-term stress situations [ 122 ].…”

“…Stocking density can also modulate other cellular and immune responses [ 122 , 123 ]. Therefore, oxidative stress responses in plasma (i.e., CAT, SOD, GR, GST), and Hsp70 expression in brain, liver, and kidney can be used as biomarkers of long-term stress situations [ 122 ]. Alternatively, key components of the innate immune system (i.e., IL-1β, LZM, TNF, TLR-3, and MHC) determined in fish skin mucus also reflected the negative effects of long-term impaired welfare [ 123 ].…”