“…With single electrodes and direct electric stimulation, a wide range of temporal modulation detection studies have been conducted including the evaluation of temporal modulation transfer functions (TMTFs) (e.g., Shannon, 1992;Busby et al, 1993), the determination of effects of stimulation rate, mode, level (Galvin and Fu, 2005), site (Pfingst et al, 2007(Pfingst et al, , 2008, loudness growth (Galvin and Fu, 2009), envelope masking (Chatterjee and Oba, 2004), and stimulus duration (Luo et al, 2010) on modulation detection thresholds (MDTs), the analysis of the relationship between amplitude modulation detection and intensity discrimination (Donaldson and Viemeister, 2000), and the effect of amplitude modulation on loudness perception (McKay and Henshall, 2010). This approach provides useful information about what electrical amplitude modulation CI users are capable of hearing, and suggest ways future technologies might make best use of these abilities.…”