Effects of stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation upon thalamo-cortical neurones responsible for cortical recruiting responses

Sasaki, Kohsuke; Shimono, T.; Oka, Hiroyuki; Yamamoto, Tetsuro; Matsuda, Yoshihisa

doi:10.1007/bf00234931

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Stimulation of the cMRF has been shown to hyperpolarize ventral thalamic neurons projecting to the motor cortex (Yasuda and Shimono, 1978) or posterior parietal cortex (Sasaki et al, 1976), and result in desynchronization of cortical EEG in rats. Cholinergic input to the thalamus, largely from the PPN (Fitzpatrick et al, 1989), results in prolonged depolarization of thalamo-cortical neurons (Fitzpatrick et al, 1989, Raczkowski and Fitzpatrick, 1989, Steriade et al, 1990, Curro Dossi et al, 1991, McCormick, 1992, Steriade et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular responses in the macaque pedunculopontine nucleus and central mesencephalic reticular formation

Aravamuthan¹,

Angelaki²

2012

Neuroscience

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The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) and central mesencephalic reticular formation (cMRF) both send projections and receive input from areas with known vestibular responses. Noting their connections with the basal ganglia, the locomotor disturbances that occur following lesions of the PPN or cMRF, and the encouraging results of PPN deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease patients, both the PPN and cMRF have been linked to motor control. In order to determine the existence of and characterize vestibular responses in the PPN and cMRF, we recorded single neurons from both structures during vertical and horizontal rotation, translation, and visual pursuit stimuli. The majority of PPN cells (72.5%) were vestibular-only cells that responded exclusively to rotation and translation stimuli but not visual pursuit. Visual pursuit responses were much more prevalent in the cMRF (57.1%) though close to half of cMRF cells were vestibular-only cells (41.1%). Directional preferences also differed between the PPN, which was preferentially modulated during nose-down pitch, and cMRF, which was preferentially modulated during ipsilateral yaw rotation. Finally, amplitude responses were similar between the PPN and cMRF during rotation and pursuit stimuli, but PPN responses to translation were of higher amplitude than cMRF responses. Taken together with their connections to the vestibular circuit, these results implicate the PPN and cMRF in the processing of vestibular stimuli and suggest important roles for both in responding to motion perturbations like falls and turns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular responses in the macaque pedunculopontine nucleus and central mesencephalic reticular formation

Aravamuthan¹,

Angelaki²

2012

Neuroscience

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“…Another problem is how extracortical structures contribute to the EEG arousal. In particular, the thalamic nuclei may switch the neuronal devices in the cerebral cortex on or off according to their own activities or those in the brainstem structures (Ammaro and SAITO, 1966;PURPURA et al, 1966;MANCIA et al, 1974;SASAKI et al, 1976;STERIADE and HOBSON, 1976). These actions would be reflected indirectly in the activities of cortical neurones, but could hardly be examined at present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intracellular Analysis of EEG Arousal in Cat Motor Cortex

et al. 1978

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1. Changes in the resting potential and the effective membrane resistance were measured in 77 cells in cat precruciate cortex during the transition from cortical slow wave phase to EEG arousal. 2. These 77 neurones were classified into the recipient cells of the following five different actions on the EEG arousal: (1) postsynaptic excitation (E cells), (2) postsynaptic inhibition (1 cells), (3) disinhibition (DI cells), (4) disfacilitation (DF cells) and (5) disfacilitation followed by excitation (DF-E cells). 3. The location of E cells ranged from laminae I to V, but the majority was found in lamina II. Most I cells were located in the upper half of lamina III, and a few in lamina V. DF, DI and DF-E cells existed deeply from the lower half of lamina III to laminae V-VI. 4. Slow pyramidal tract (PT) cells (n=6) all belonged to the E cell group, whereas fast PT cells were divided into the DF (n=10) and DF-E cell groups (n=4). 5. It is postulated that the EEG arousal is initiated with a direct excitation of laminae I-II cells, followed by excitation and inhibition to the upper lamina III cells and further processed to laminae III-VI cells with indirect excitation, inhibition, disinhibition and disfacilitation. The model of four vertical transmission relays is proposed to depict the cascade pattern of information being processed through the cortex during the EEG arousal.In a preceding paper (INUBUSHI et al., 1978) it was shown that the EEG arousal involved reactions of almost all cortical neurones toward depolarization (D-type), hyperpolarization (H-type) or both in a sequence (mixed type). The depolarizing response could be induced by bombardment of excitatory inputs (postsynaptic excitation), withdrawal of inhibitory inputs (disinhibition) or both. Likewise, the hyperpolarizing response could be produced by the postsynaptic inhibition, withdrawal of excitation (disfacilitation) or both. The present study attempts to determine which of these four actions is dominant in a cell examined during

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“…It was demonstrated by SASAKI et al (1976) that the ascending reticular activating system suppresses, by means of initial inhibition and later tonic maintained excitation, rhythmic grouped discharges of the superficial T-C neurones which are responsible for synchronized activities of the parietal association cortex, and that the suppression thus result in desynchronization of the cortex. In the present study of the T-C neurones projecting on to the frontal motor cortex, it was found that high-frequency stimulation of RF exerted predominantly inhibitory influences upon the B-group (superficial T-C) neurones and facilitatory influences upon many of the A-group (deep T-C) neurones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological Studies of Two Types of Thalamo-cortical Neurones and Their Responses to Stimulation of Mesencephalic Reticular Formation

Yasuda

Shimono

1978

Jpn.J.Physiol

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Thalamo-cortical (T-C) neurones projecting their axons to the motor cortex were recorded intra-or extra-cellularly in the anterior ventral and lateral ventral nuclear complex of the thalamus in lightly nembutalized cats. The T-C neurones were identified as responding antidromically to stimulation of the motor cortex, and were examined in connection with effects of stimulation of the centrum medianumparafascicular complex (CM), pallidum (Pal), cerebellar nuclei (CN) and mesencephalic reticular formation (RF). 2. The T-C neurones were classified into two groups, A and B. The A-group neurones responded neither to stimulation of CM nor to that of Pal. By contrast, the B-group neurones were activated from either CM, Pal or both. The effect of RF stimulation was facilitatory in many of the A-group neurones whereas it was mostly inhibitory in the B-group neurones. CN stimulation activated most of the T-C neurones in both A and B groups. 3. The A-group neurones were categorized as the deep T-C neurones mediating the deep T-C response of the cortex (the early surface-positivedeep-negative component of the augmenting response) and the B-group neurones as the superficial T-C neurones mediating the superficial T-C response of the cortex (the recruiting response and the late surface-negative-deep-positive component of the augmenting response). Desynchronization of electrocorticograms in response to RF stimulation was suggested to result from inhibition of the superficial T-C neurones and facilitation of the deep T-C neurones.

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Effects of stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation upon thalamo-cortical neurones responsible for cortical recruiting responses

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Vestibular responses in the macaque pedunculopontine nucleus and central mesencephalic reticular formation

Vestibular responses in the macaque pedunculopontine nucleus and central mesencephalic reticular formation

An Intracellular Analysis of EEG Arousal in Cat Motor Cortex

Electrophysiological Studies of Two Types of Thalamo-cortical Neurones and Their Responses to Stimulation of Mesencephalic Reticular Formation

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