Effects of stimulation of the frontoparietal cortex and parafascicular nucleus on locomotion in rats

Mileikovsky, B.Yu.; Verevkina, S. V.; Nozdrachev, A. D.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)90132-5

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Electrical stimulation of structures including the habenula or habenulo-interpenduncular tract (fasciculus retroflexus) decreases respiratory amplitude and frequency in anesthetized cats (20), which suggests that cells surrounding (para) the fasciculus triggered the response because the fiber tract itself is an unlikely source. In conscious rats, electrical stimulation of the lateral parafascicular nucleus, which corresponds to the nucleus centrum medianum in primates, inhibits spontaneous and stimulation-induced movements without noticeably affecting respiration (32). The present observations of electrical stimulation of the thalamus in unanesthetized fetal sheep are unique in that breath period increased without changing amplitude when the stimulations involved areas within or adjacent to the Pf, ventral tegmental area, rostral central gray, and substantia nigra.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Electrical stimulation of the posteromedial thalamus modulates breathing in unanesthetized fetal sheep

Koos

Kawasaki

Hari

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Having previously shown that lesions in the posteromedial group of thalamic nuclei abolish hypoxic inhibition of fetal breathing, we devised this study to identify thalamic loci that depress breathing by focal stimulation of specific sectors of the caudal thalamus and adjacent structures. Multipolar electrode arrays consisting of a series of eight stimulation contacts at 1.25-mm intervals were implanted vertically through guide cannulae into the caudal diencephalon of 12 chronically catheterized fetal sheep (>0.8 term), and central neural tissue was stimulated between adjacent contacts. Each site was stimulated repeatedly with increasing current searching for spatial and stimulus strength parameters for a reliable alteration in respiratory rate. Respiratory period increased when stimulation involved areas of the parafascicular nuclear complex (Pf), which more than doubled the mean period compared with the baseline of 0.90 +/- 0.19 s. The change in respiratory period was due to an increase in expiratory time, whereas inspiratory time and breath amplitude were not significantly affected. Breathing period and expiratory time were also increased when the stimulations involved the intralaminar wing surrounding the mediodorsal nucleus, the rostral central gray, zona incerta, and ventral tegmental area. Reductions in respiratory frequency occurred less consistently, with stimulation involving surrounding zones including the sub-Pf, ventromedial nucleus, and ventrobasal nuclear complex. These findings support the hypothesis that a restricted area of the posteromedial thalamus (principally Pf) constitutes part of a neuronal circuitry that modulates respiratory motoneurons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Electrical stimulation of the posteromedial thalamus modulates breathing in unanesthetized fetal sheep

Koos

Kawasaki

Hari

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…The lPF projects not only to motor‐related areas of cerebral cortex and striatum but also to the subthalamic nucleus (Berendse and Groenewegen, 1990, 1991; Mouroux and Feger, 1993). Because stimulation of the lPF inhibited movement in free‐roaming rats (Mileikovsky et al, 1994), we have previously suggested that this lPF→subthalamic circuit may be related to stopping ongoing behavior and allowing the initiation of new motor programs (Krout et al, 2001). In addition to these efferent projections, the lPF receives inputs from “motor related” brainstem sites, including the substantia nigra, nucleus Darkschewitsch, superior colliculus, cuneiform nucleus, vestibular nuclei, and dorsal column nuclei (see Table 1) (Krout and Loewy, 2000b; Lai et al, 2000; Krout et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brainstem projections to midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei of the rat

Krout

Belzer

Loewy

2002

J of Comparative Neurology

294

209

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The projections from the brainstem to the midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei were examined in the rat. Stereotaxic injections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin beta -subunit (CTb) were made in each of the intralaminar nuclei of the dorsal thalamus: the lateral parafascicular, medial parafascicular, central lateral, paracentral, oval paracentral, and central medial nuclei; in the midline thalamic nuclei-the paraventricular, intermediodorsal, mediodorsal, paratenial, rhomboid, reuniens, and submedius nuclei; and, in the anteroventral, parvicellular part of the ventral posterior, and caudal ventral medial nuclei. The retrograde cell body labeling pattern within the brainstem nuclei was then analyzed. Nearly every thalamic site received a projection from the deep mesencephalic reticular, pedunculopontine tegmental, dorsal raphe, median raphe, laterodorsal tegmental, and locus coeruleus nuclei. Most intralaminar thalamic sites were also innervated by unique combinations of medullary and pontine reticular formation nuclei such as the subnucleus reticularis dorsalis, gigantocellular, dorsal paragigantocellular, lateral, parvicellular, caudal pontine, ventral pontine, and oral pontine reticular nuclei; the dorsomedial tegmental, subpeduncular tegmental, and ventral tegmental areas; and, the central tegmental field. In addition, most intralaminar injections resulted in retrograde cell body labeling in the substantia nigra, nucleus Darkschewitsch, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, and cuneiform nucleus. Details concerning the pathways from the spinal trigeminal, nucleus tractus solitarius, raphe magnus, raphe pallidus, and the rostral and caudal linear raphe nuclei to subsets of midline and intralaminar thalamic sites are discussed in the text. The discussion focuses on brainstem-thalamic pathways that are likely involved in arousal, somatosensory, and visceral functions.

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“…The function of the PF is unknown, but it may be involved with motor functions, antinociception, and limbic activity (Sakata et al, 1988; Mileikovsky et al, 1994; Butkevich and Kassil, 1999). The PF has been subdivided into medial and lateral components based on anatomical connections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periaqueductal gray matter projections to midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei of the rat

2000

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The periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) projections to the intralaminar and midline thalamic nuclei were examined in rats. Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) was injected in discrete regions of the PAG, and axonal labeling was examined in the thalamus. PHA-L was also placed into the dorsal raphe nuclei or nucleus of Darkschewitsch and interstitial nucleus of Cajal as controls. In a separate group of rats, the retrograde tracer cholera toxin beta-subunit (CTb) was injected into one of the intralaminar thalamic nuclei-lateral parafascicular, medial parafascicular, central lateral (CL), paracentral (PC), or central medial nucleus-or one of the midline thalamic nuclei-paraventricular (PVT), intermediodorsal (IMD), mediodorsal, paratenial, rhomboid (Rh), reuniens (Re), or caudal ventral medial (VMc) nucleus. The distribution of CTb labeled neurons in the PAG was then mapped. All PAG regions (the four columns of the caudal two-thirds of the PAG plus rostral PAG) and the precommissural nucleus projected to the rostral PVT, IMD, and CL. The ventrolateral, lateral, and rostral PAG provided additional inputs to most of the other intralaminar and midline thalamic nuclei. PAG inputs to the VMc originated from the rostral and ventrolateral PAG areas. In addition, the lateral and rostral PAG projected to the zona incerta. No evidence was found for a PAG input to the ventroposterior lateral parvicellular, ventroposterior medial parvicellular, caudal PC, oval paracentral, and reticular thalamic nuclei. PAG --> thalamic circuits may modulate autonomic-, nociceptive-, and behavior-related forebrain circuits associated with defense and emotional responses.

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Effects of stimulation of the frontoparietal cortex and parafascicular nucleus on locomotion in rats

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Electrical stimulation of the posteromedial thalamus modulates breathing in unanesthetized fetal sheep

Electrical stimulation of the posteromedial thalamus modulates breathing in unanesthetized fetal sheep

Brainstem projections to midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei of the rat

Periaqueductal gray matter projections to midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei of the rat

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